v12.10 can't apt-get update

I know there are lots of questions posed about this, but after troubleshooting for several hours, I'm not sure what to do anymore...

I first installed Ubuntu 12.10 and had no internet access at all. It was running on VMware player with a Windows 7 host.

I was instructed to go into Firefox>Edit>Preferences>Advanced and under the Network>Settings, I selected "Auto-detect proxy settings for this network" and under Encryption>View Certificates I imported 2 .crt files and a .cer file and selected "Trust this CA to identify websites" and "Trust this CA to identify software makers", and that allowed Firefox to successfully access the internet.

That worked, but when I use sudo apt-get update it pauses for a before reporting

zackshef@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update
Err http://extras.ubuntu.com quantal InRelease
Err http://extras.ubuntu.com quantal Release.gpg
  Unable to connect to extras.ubuntu.com:http:
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com quantal InRelease
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com quantal-updates InRelease
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com quantal-backports InRelease
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com quantal Release.gpg
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com quantal-updates Release.gpg
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://us.archive.ubuntu.com quantal-backports Release.gpg
  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
0% [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (91.189.92.184)]
.
.
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Reading package lists... Done
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-updates/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-backports/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-security/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal/InRelease
W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to extras.ubuntu.com:http:
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-updates/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-backports/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to us.archive.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal-security/Release.gpg  Unable to connect to security.ubuntu.com:http: [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

So I tried a few other things (that I can't post because they contain links and I apparently don't have enough reputation to post more that 2 links...)

I pinged the archive... This went on for several minutes until it reached icmp_seq_479 (or some number in the 400's), I aborted it, and it said there was 100% packet loss...

It's very frustrating. Please let me know what other information you need to help me get things working.

Thank you!

Zack

You are setting proxy for firefox, which is read ONLY BY FIREFOX, and not by ubuntu apps.

Ubuntu refers to system proxy settings, which can be set via System Settings > Network > Network Proxy.

Apt refers to its own proxy settings from a file. This link provides the solution (refer to fossfreedom's answer).