Thursday, December 31, 2015

sources.list broken -- missing universe, multiverse etc.. in 18.04.1 server?

So I just fresh installed 18.04.1 server from this ISO: ubuntu-18.04.1-live-server-amd64.iso


This is how my /etc/apt/sources.list looks:


svy@emerg-reg-srv:~$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main
svy@emerg-reg-srv:~$

It's missing universe and multiverse, all src ones. I can't even install mc.
So what's going on here? Did something break during installation?

boot - I have forgotten my password to my laptop, and can't access GRUB

I forgot my password to my laptop. I know the passcode in the startup that is displayed on the bottom with white stars. But, not my actual account password. I can only use it in guest mode, and that isn't great use at all.



I looked up how to reset it online and they all said to hold Shift or press it multiple times, or press esc to get to the GRUB menu to reset it. My laptop just doesn't seem to want too get to that menu. It did to begin with I'm pretty sure. When I first installed Ubuntu, I had the option to click Windows 7 or Ubuntu, but later just made Ubuntu the only OS, so that screen doesn't shop up.



I don't know what to do anymore, I really would like to be able to get back into my laptop if it's possible at all. I don't care about the materials inside of it, it didn't have much information on it anyways. Just a few games. If there is something I missed or don't know about. Please reply, I've been stuck like this for a few weeks now.

nvidia - Black screen when installing / dual booting Ubuntu on Win 10 Laptop

Trying to dual boot Ubuntu Gnome 16.04.3 over Windows 10 (most recent update) via USB drive - using Rufus. Whenever I push enter on the 'Try Ubuntu' or 'Install Ubuntu' options, I just get a blank (back-lit) screen. System information: Eluktronics P650HP6, i7-7700HQ, nVidia GTX 1060.


I'm pretty sure I've checked most of the basics - Fast Boot disabled, Secure Boot disabled, etc.


I've also tried various combinations of nomodeset (see last section for the three commands I used). Also tried setting the forcing the video mode manually using 'video=eDP-1-1' with and without the three nomodeset commands.


I got the eDP-1-1 name during a recent previous install of Ubuntu. I've tried googling a decent amount, but most guides point to resolving nVidia driver issues post installation, rather than during the installation process.


Is my best bet to install Ubuntu through BIOS then use Boot Repair to convert Ubuntu to UEFI mode after? I was reading online elsewhere this isn't such a great idea?


Also what's strange is that I can install Ubuntu on my laptop if I hook up an external monitor (via HDMI), but the installation process occurs on the external display and the machine thinks that external monitor is my primary monitor. The laptop monitor generally works afterwards, but I can't boot Ubuntu afterwards without the external monitor since the login screen appears on the external monitor.


I'm also open to other distros, flavours, etc if that would make the installation process go more smoothly. Was looking into Fedora and OpenSuse a bit, but I just want something stable that runs well so I figured I'd stick to Ubuntu for now. Also I don't intend to do much gaming if any on this OS, just want the thing to run and be able to do some coding.

32 bit - amd64, i386 (32bit / 64bit) - Which version to choose?




Can every CPU (in my case a Intel i7 890) install both of them ?
Amd64 and i386 ? I would like to install Ubuntu 64bit. So what is the right download ?




Your CPU can run both versions. Which version you install is more or less up to you, however, if your machine has at least 4GB of RAM, I would recommend installing the amd64 version. Some more insight into the differences between 32 and 64bit architectures can be found here. As for stability and availability, it seems you've already covered this in another question, so I won't go deeper. ;-)



You can get your download here. Choose 10.10, the latest version.



If you're in no hurry, you can wait about a month, then the next version (11.04 - Natty Narwhal) will be released, with significant changes to the default user interface.
If you're a beginner you will save yourself some re-learning.



If you're especially patient, it may be good to wait another two weeks or so, then the worst, inevitable, bugs popping up at release will probably be fixed already, and your ride will be smoother.


apt - Add binary to ubuntu applications when no install or configure folder in tar.gz

I am on Ubuntu 17.10 I have downloaded a program for Linux, unzipped it and found it has no README, INSTALL or config folder. Hence, to make it runnable from the prompt I followed this: Install tar.gz , but no configure folder on install file



What I would like also to do, however, is to associate some extensions to the binary that I installed. As you would do by right-clicking on an extension, select "Open With Other Application" and selecting the app to run it. Unfortunately, the app I have installed is not listed in Ubuntt's list of applications.




Is there any way in which I can make the binary run every time I double-click on a file with a particular extension?



Bonus: may I have the app popping up in the GNOME app menu? (as if it was installed from the Software center or apt-get)



The program is Gephi (v 0.9.2)

installation - Create a customized Ubuntu Live USB

Have sort of a weird question. I'd like to create my own custom Ubuntu load, install specific software, change the interface and theme, then take that and create a live USB from it.




I'm making it for some people that are not computer smart, so I want to make it non-persistent, so if they mess it up, they can just reboot and have the exact same desktop from which they started. I was thinking maybe there is a way to convert a VirtualBox Ubuntu, or something like that. I'm not the best at the terminal, and I'd like to test it as I go to make sure that everything is working.



Any ideas?

Wednesday, December 30, 2015

drivers - CUDA 7.0 test failed on Ubuntu 14.04



I followed nvidia official guide to install cuda-7.0, but I had a few problems they didn't provide a complete explanation. And my test samples cannot be built by make. I'll explain the several mistakes I found during the installation.




environment



I'm working on a 64-bit Ubuntu 14.04, with NVIDIA Corporation GK107 [GeForce GT 640 OEM] returned by lspci | grep -i nvidia. My gcc version is 4.4.7.



package



I downloaded from https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads the "Linux x86 -> Ubuntu 14.04 -> Local Package Installer", which it doesn't provide a md5 value to check. But later the installation was fine as it seems.



installation




I did:



sudo dpkg -i cuda*.deb # returned: OK
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cuda


test




As official guide said, I have to setup environment path first. I changed to:



cd /usr/local/cuda-7.0


and I can add path:



export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-7.0/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-7.0/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH



Here's the first problem: the path is lost whenever I close the terminal. Since I can check it with nvcc -V where we have nvcc under the first directory.



When I tried to compile the samples:



cd /usr/local/cuda-7.0/samples
sudo make


Finally it returned errors:




make[1]: entering directory `/usr/local/cuda-7.0/samples/2_Graphics/Mandelbrot'
/usr/local/cuda-7.0/bin/nvcc -ccbin g++ -m64 -gencode
arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 -gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 -gencode
arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 -gencode arch=compute_37,code=sm_37 -gencode
arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 -gencode arch=compute_52,code=sm_52 -gencode
arch=compute_52,code=compute_52 -o Mandelbrot Mandelbrot.o Mandelbrot_cuda.o Mandelbrot_gold.o -L../../common/lib/linux/x86_64 -L/usr/lib/"nvidia-346" -lGL -lGLU -lX11 -lXi -lXmu -lglut -lGLEW
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libnvidia-tls.so.346.46, needed by /usr/lib/nvidia-346/libGL.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libnvidia-glcore.so.346.46, needed by /usr/lib/nvidia-346/libGL.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/lib/nvidia-346/libGL.so:‘_nv018tls’ undefined reference

...
# list of undefined reference


And I cannot go further.



other checks




  • cat /proc/driver/nvidia/version doesn't work since /proc/driver doesn't have the directory nvidia/.



  • /dev/nvidia* doesn't exits.


  • nvidia-smi command not found.




These problems exist after reboot.






some fixes




Fixed path and lib settings by adding those two lines under ~/.profile for current user:



export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-7.0/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-7.0/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH


And found a useful link: Installing and testing CUDA in Ubuntu 14.04 it seems I need to install by run file instead.



After several trials I finally found the solution. Installation of CUDA is a pain, for which keeps corrupting my system configuration that I have no way to revert.




The solution for the installation must be done in tty1 (the command line) mode, because it needs to kill GUI service before installing NVIDIA drivers, or it will refuse to work. And we need .run file. With reasons I can't know the .deb files never correctly configure themselves, and I never got them work. look Installing and testing CUDA in Ubuntu 14.04 for a similar solution.



Need to mention, according to my trails:




  • installation via apt cannot succeed.

  • installation via deb files cannot succeed.


Login loop 14.04 but guest account is accessible

After upgrading to 14.04 from 13.10 which worked fine, I cannot get past login as it just loops back. Guest account works fine. I can login to the console by hitting Ctrl+Alt+F1 using username and password. Not sure what is causing problem.


Update:



  • Video card is N9500GT


  • Tried chown username:username .Xauthority but now get only splash screen at login with password. Same thing happens in GDM.


  • Also tried sudo mv .Xauthority .Xauthority.bak no change.


  • Tried cat ~/.xsession-errors but got message that starts with can't save user-dirs.dirs and then gives more msgs and stops.



How to see what is in .xsession-errors file.

What are PPAs and how do I use them?


I keep reading about Personal Package Archives ('PPAs') and people answer questions with a link to a PPA. What's the best way to use these?




There are multiple valid answers for this question spanning over several versions of Ubuntu. For your convenience, an index of each is below.





Before adding a PPA you should be aware of some of the risks involved:


Always remember that PPAs are provided by the community, you should be aware of the possible risks before just adding a PPA.



  • First open the dash by either clicking on the Home button (On the top-left Corner) or pressing the Super Key .


    enter image description here


  • Search for 'Software Center' and launch the Ubuntu software center.


    enter image description here


  • Move the mouse to the top panel where the name of the application is written.


  • Now Go to the Edit menu and select Software Sources.


    enter image description here



For newer versions, right click and click Software and Updates
enter image description here


Then, click Other Software,
enter image description here



  • Enter your password when prompted.


    enter image description here


  • Switch to the 'Other Software' tab.


    enter image description here


  • Now click 'Add', a box will appear.


    enter image description here


  • You have to enter the PPA in the box. It can be found in BOLD on the launchpad page.


    enter image description here


    enter image description here


  • Now click 'Add source' and close the Software Sources. The cache will be refreshed


    enter image description here


  • Now install the software from the software center.


    enter image description here



usb - Health check of external hard drives

What is best way to analyse the health of a large external 2TB/3TB/4TB USB hard drive with NTFS partitions in Ubuntu quickly?


I want to get some diagnostic data on overall health of the hard drive without doing an in depth scan.


So far I know gnome-disk-utility and gsmartcontrol.


Any recommendations would be greatly appreciated.

Tuesday, December 29, 2015

networking - Installing Broadcom Wireless Drivers

I'm having serious problems installing the Broadcom drivers for Ubuntu. It worked perfectly on my previous version, but now, it is impossible.



What are the steps to install Broadcom wireless drivers for a BCM43xx card?




I'm a user with no advance knowledge in Linux, so I would need clear explanations on how to make, compile, etc.






lspci -vnn | grep Network showed:



Broadcom Corporation BCM4322 802.11a/b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller [14e4:432b] 





iwconfig showed:



lo        no wireless extensions.
eth0 no wireless extensions.


NOTE: Answer below is updated every time new information is added and confirmed working.

package management - partial upgrade



I didn't connect to the internet for about a week, then when I got connected to the internet I tried to update the system. I'm running Ubuntu 13.10. It said it needs partial upgrade. When I click partial upgrade, it says that the system is up-to-date and cancels.
When I click Continue, it says software index is broken. It is impossible to install or remove any software. Please use the Synaptic package manager or run sudo apt-get install -f in the terminal to fix the issue. At first I did that.



that's the results in the terminal:




The following packages will be removed:
  linux-image-3.11.0-12-generic linux-image-extra-3.11.0-12-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
17 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 136 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? "
i click y but it doesn't work .that's the outcome ...
"(Reading database ... 401370 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-extra-3.11.0-12-generic ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .

run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.11.0-12-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.11.0-12-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic
/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 11: /etc/default/grub: splash: not found
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 127
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-extra-3.11.0-12-generic.postrm line 328.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-extra-3.11.0-12-generic (--remove):
 subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Removing linux-image-3.11.0-12-generic ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .

run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.11.0-12-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.11.0-12-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic
/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 11: /etc/default/grub: splash: not found
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 127
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.11.0-12-generic.postrm line 328.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.11.0-12-generic (--remove):
 subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-extra-3.11.0-12-generic

 linux-image-3.11.0-12-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)


Run the following commands in terminal,



sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get -f install


If you still getting errors, try to update your kernel by running the below command.




sudo apt-get install linux-generic

How to change 3D game resolution on 12.10 64bit with nvidia graphics driver

I have problem with nvidia graphics driver opensource and proprietary ! Can't change resolution on 3d games and there's a bug there are no kernel sources installed and thus jockey can't install proprietary drivers.



I can't change resolution while on games fullscreen.
I tried to install proprietary driver and i couldn't plus i couldn't login to ubuntu it showed only the desktop photo no dash no nothing.
-tried to install kernel sources and blacklist+remove Nouveau drivers and then installed the proprietary drivers i hope succesfully.
-The problem is the same i can't change resolution on 3d games while on fullscreen.



I've installed the sources and be able to install the proprietary nvidia drivers but the problem remains,

look what i got in the output of a 3d game exited while i tried to change resolution:



X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
Major opcode of failed request: 150 (XFree86-VidModeExtension)
Minor opcode of failed request: 10 (XF86VidModeSwitchToMode)
Value in failed request: 0x25b
Serial number of failed request: 497
Current serial number in output stream: 499







I'm giving you more details about my system:
i have an nvidia geforce gts 250 , 3,4 ghz quadcore amd phenom2 , 8gbytes of ram.



The output of:
sudo lshw -C display; lsb_release -a; uname -a



Is the following:



*-display

description: VGA compatible controller



   product: G92 [GeForce GTS 250]

vendor: NVIDIA Corporation

physical id: 0

bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: a2


width: 64 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom

configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0

resources: irq:18 memory:fa000000-faffffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff



memory:f8000000-f9ffffff ioport:ef00(size=128) memory:fb000000-fb01ffff



No LSB modules are available.



Distributor ID: Ubuntu



Description: Ubuntu 12.10




Release: 12.10



Codename: quantal



Linux darkpc 3.5.0-17-generic #28-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 9 19:31:23 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64



x86_64 GNU/Linux







I like ubuntu's style and user interface but i hate the bad quality of work they do.

upgrade - Is it safer to purge PPAs before upgrading to a new Ubuntu release?


I installed the Ambiance Evolution Theme from a custom PPA, which overwrote the original Ambiance. Same for Midori, Flash and other apps. Is it advisable to downgrade these packages to the Ubuntu-provided versions before an upgrade?



Yes it safer to remove PPAs and their packages. Ubuntu upgrades are tested for default installations, not installation in which everything is changed by PPAs. By removing extra repositories (not just PPAs, but also third party repositories) and their associated packages, you return the system to their original state.


After the upgrade, you're free to install your preferred PPAs of course.


installation - Does installing ubuntu dual boot with Windows 8 preinstalled via liveusb overwrite Windows bootloader?

I have used Ubuntu a lot, mostly through dual boot with windows. I had recently purchased new laptop with Windows 8, on which I tried to install Ubuntu 12.04.2 amd64 through wubi like before but I could not. I searched many questions here and came to conclusion that wubi just won't install on system with UEFI, because it is not campatible with GPT. So I had to look for other ways. Mainly I want to keep my UEFI/safe mode setting so that I am able to boot Windows 8.



I tried to follow this post : https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI to install Ubuntu. I have two problems :




  1. Not an issue faced yet, but it says in the guide to run Boot-Repair. Why is it required and does it modify the main Windows bootloader.


  2. The problem happens when I boot via liveusb just (to test the possibility). I reach a screen which is similar to one under If the BIOS is set up to boot the CD in EFI mode. But there are three such menus with teeny tiny fonts squeezed in the same screen space. Same menu but three times, moving cursor shows changes in all of them.



I am not sure what to do here. Is it a known bug ? What should I do to install Ubuntu dual boot with Windows 8. Has anyone successfully installed ubuntu this way. Please Help.

Monday, December 28, 2015

Dual boot Windows 10 from Ubuntu 16.04

I want to know how to Dual boot windows 10 from Ubuntu 16.04 but I don't know how. I have a windows 10 flash drive to download it from.

14.04 - Ubuntu not booting properly with GTX 970

I'm having a problem with booting into Ubuntu 14.04 through my GTX 970 graphics card. I had installed it previously onto my system along with the NVIDIA driver and it was working fine for the most part despite some hiccups but I recently tried to update some drivers but it didn't update correctly. I can't boot correctly anymore; all I get is either a black screen or a a screen with a text blinker on it (the proper name for it escapes me at the moment). I can get to the GRUB menu sometimes and have tried to update but get the errors shown here: errors. Entering through recovery mode can get me to the login screen but trying to login just brings me back to the login screen! I don't have much experience in fixing Ubuntu in this way so please help if you can. I have tried other solutions but they haven't seemed to work for me.

lts - how to install windows 7 as it already has ubuntu 12.04

i m getting a prob. to install windows 7 on ubuntu 12.04
whem i am staring the installation from a pen drive
it shows the error 0x800700A on it
how to get rid of it

Grep strings in a subgroup of lines in txt file

I have a file that looks like this


AAA_21               PF13304.1  x_00004
AAA_22 PF13401.1 x_00004
SMC_N PF02463.14 x_00004
AAA_29 PF13555.1 x_00004
DUF258 PF03193.11 x_00005
AAA_15 PF13175.1 x_00005
AAA_21 PF13304.1 x_00005
AAA_22 PF13401.1 x_00005
SMC_N PF02463.14 x_00005
AAA_15 PF13175.1 x_00006
AAA_21 PF13304.1 x_00006
AAA_22 PF13401.1 x_00007
SMC_N PF02463.14 x_00007

Now, for each block of lines that have the same string in column 3 (e.g. x_00004), I want to grep only the lines containing specific strings if they are present together in the block.


So, I know that I can use
grep -f
But I cannot find a way for applying the first action. I guess awk will help me here, but I do not really know how.


I would like to have something like:


AAA_21               PF13304.1  x_00004
AAA_22 PF13401.1 x_00004
AAA_21 PF13304.1 x_00005
AAA_22 PF13401.1 x_00005

So basically greping the lines containing PF13304.1 or PF13401.1 only if they are sharing field 3.


I use PF13304.1 and PF13401.1 as example, because sometimes I look for the presence of 3 strings in the block.
One problem is that the string I am looking for are not always consecutive in the file I want to scan.


All the strings I want to grep are reported in a txt file as well. I can organize them as I want to match the grep command.


Instead the line containing


AAA_21               PF13304.1  x_00006
AAA_22 PF13401.1 x_00007

Should not be included because the strings I want to grep do not share field 3, meaning they are not both present in the subgroups x_00006 or x_00007


So, from the logical point of view I want to



  1. open the file

  2. divide the lines in groups according with field 3, create group that have the same string in field 3

  3. in this subgroups grep the strings I am looking for only if they are all present in each block

How do I downgrade kernel on 12.10?



I did a fresh installation of Ubuntun 12.10 (kernel v3.5.0.21-generic, 64 bit, US English) on my computer after downloading the ISO from Ubuntu.com.



In order for one of my installed programs to work, I would like to downgrade the current kernel version to 3.2.0.24-generic



Questions:




  1. Is it advisable to downgrade the current kernet version to an older one?



  2. If the answer to (1) above is yes, how do I do it?




As always, detailed instructions on how to issue specific commands at the terminal window are welcome. I am new to Linux and Ubuntu.



Thanks in advance for your help.



Today I needed to downgrade from 3.5.0-24 to 3.5.0-23 (I have both installed). I succeded with the following:



sudo /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.5.0-23-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-23-generic



You can find out Your current kernel with:



uname -a


You can find out other kernels installed on Your computer with::



dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d'



Mind that You might also need to lock the version of the kernel -- so to prevent it automatic update.


64 bit - Is there a 64bit version of ubuntu for intel CPUs?


I have a Lenovo IdeaPad Y580 that I'm planning on dual booting with. I want to use Ubuntu 13.04, but on the daily builds download page there is only "PC (Intel x86) desktop image" listed for intel, and "64-bit PC (AMD64) desktop image" listed for AMD CPUs. Is there no 64bit for intel? should I just use the 32bit? Or should I just download 12.10 instead?



Yes, there is a 64-bit daily build of Ubuntu Raring Ringtail (soon to be Ubuntu 13.04) for Intel cpus. In fact, you mentioned it: it's the one that is called "64-bit PC (AMD64) desktop image". Yep, that's a confusing name and I'm sure it's called problems in the past, but that's the right one. (There's some sort of history behind the name, but it is correct.) It's the one I'm using with my 64-bit Intel cpu and it works perfectly. Download and use it with confidence with your Intel cpu.


performance - Why does whoopsie increasingly take more CPU?



I am running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and I've been following whoopsie with the top program and noticed something strange.



In the afternoon the daemon process was only using up to 2% of CPU power.



But during the evening this slowly increased to sometimes taking up to 40% of CPU power.



I am running a 10 year old machine, but even VLC which is normally running OK was having problems running smoothly due to this increase in usage.




Since i am running an old machine, should I just switch whoopsie off (as descrribed in What is the 'whoopsie' process and how can I remove it?) or is there a way to let whoopsie behave less CPU hungry?



I've got an idea as to how you could fix your problem: as a temporary measure you could cap the CPU usage of 'whoopsie' by using a program called CPU Limit.



You can download it below:



Install via the software center



This should ensure at least while watching movies that your film remains lag-free and once you've capped it, it shouldn't bother you until you next shutdown.I've found a well explained tutorial here if you need more information on how to install it and use it.




However as this isn't a permanent cap you'd need to get your Ubuntu to run it at startup each time if you want it to be capped on a more permanent basis. I'm not an expert on what commands you'd need to run but I think it should be possible to get it to run and limit the process at startup (see this post if you don't know how to set apps/processes to run at startup).



I'd suggest you try out CPU Limit and then if you're satisfied as to how well it copes with your problem and would like it to run at start-up you can use the instructions posted here by hhlp and by adding the following line:



cpulimit -e whoopsie -l 3 &


To the /etc/rc.local file it will run properly on every startup with Whoopsie capped at 3% cpu usage.



Ideally if it's a bug as commented it might be solved sometime soon, but until then this is the way I'd go about to stop the problem being an issue.



Help to upgrade ubuntu 14.04 to 16.04

Today Ubuntu 16.04 LTS is released. I saw the iso available here. But I don't want to do a clean install. Can someone explain to me how to upgrade?

software recommendation - How can I browse Wikipedia's offline database on Linux?

I've got Wikipedia's offline database in .xml.bz2 format. There is also a software WikiTaxi to browse through it. But the problem is WikiTaxi is a Windows only software.



Is there any similar software that works on Ubuntu/Linux.




Please don't suggest me about Wine.

Sunday, December 27, 2015

uninstall - Removing GRUB from windows system after uninstalling Ubuntu from Windows 7

I have installed Ubuntu alongside Windows 7 (no separate partitions, I selected inside windows option).



I want to uninstall Ubuntu but last time I tried it and the Ubuntu is released but the GRUB remains. How do I remove GRUB?

installation - Unknown keyword in installer: Ubuntu 11.04 boot from USB


I've just downloaded Ubuntu 11.04 (Haven't we all?) and created a bootable USB with my existing 10.04LTS installation. However, when I try to boot it it gives me a message similar to: Unknown keyword in installer. and leaves me at a boot:_ promt (which does not do anything)


Any solutions will be incredibly helpful, because I want to use new Ubuntu!



Maybe you are experiencing the same bug as in can't install with usb pen drive, SYSLINUX problem.


'X Error of failed request: BadRequest (invalid request code or no such operation)' after installing the AMD binary driver on 12.10




I have just installed the binary driver for AMD hardware on Ubuntu 12.10 using the "Installing upstream drivers directly from AMD's website" method. But now when I run 'fglrxinfo', I get this message:



X Error of failed request: BadRequest (invalid request code or no such operation)
Major opcode of failed request: 153 (GLX)
Minor opcode of failed request: 19 (X_GLXQueryServerString)
Serial number of failed request: 12
Current serial number in output stream: 12



How can I get the driver working properly?




Currently there is no AMD driver available that installs and is able to run Unity successfully. For more information and follow up on the bug please check out this post





Remove the proprietary driver and use the open-source one for now.


Upgrade Ubuntu 14.04 to 16.04 using a bootable USB stick

I use Ubuntu 14.04 and I want to upgrade my version of Ubuntu to the latest 16.04 LTS release. One way to do that is using the update-manager. Is there any other way to do it ? Like using a bootable USB stick with 16.04 on it.

dual boot - Create partition from free space - cannot create more than 4 partitions


I am dual-booting Ubuntu and Win 8.


When I installed Ubuntu, I forgot to format a partition of 90GB.


Now when I tried to create a partition (in gparted), I get this error



It is not possible to create more than 4 primary partitions


If you want more partitions you should first create an extended partition. Such a partition can contain other partitions. Because an extended partition is also a primary partition it might be necessary to remove a primary partition first.



Here's a Screen Shot:



sda1 is that small space that windows loves to create for reasons unclear to me


sda2 and sda4 are windows 8 drives C: and E:


sda3 is my linux drive


the last unallocated 10.2MB? I have no idea where that came from.


But why is Ubuntu counting Window's drives as primary?


But more importantly, how can I get that 90GB back, Win8 Disk Management also gives some error :(



Uwe Plonus's explanation is correct, but gives no solution to your problem. Here's the solution:



  1. Boot a Linux emergency disc. (The Ubuntu installer in its "try before installing" mode should work fine; or you can use Parted Magic or something similar.

  2. Launch GParted.

  3. If any of the logical partitions (those with numbers of 5 and up) are locked (typically with a little key icon, as in your screen shot), unmount them. There should be an option to do this when you right-click the icon. Your swap partition is the only one that's likely to be so affected, and its unmount opiton is called "swapoff."

  4. Right-click the extended partition (this is easier in the list in the bottom pane of the window) and select the option to resize the partition.

  5. Adjust the size of the extended partition to fill the available space.

  6. Create your new partition within the extended partition, which should now contain the unallocated space.

  7. Click the "apply" icon (typically a green check-mark).


grub2 - Dual Boot: GRUB disappeared, boot-repair not working and linux partition cannot be accessed

I'm trying to fix a friend's computer. He uses Win7 and ubuntu 14.04 dual boot and ran "secure boot", which seems to have caused major damage: afterwards, GRUB wouldn't show up and the computer booted directly to windows. We tried to reinstall GRUB without success.


Here's what happens:



  1. I tried using boot-repair in a LiveSession without success (as nothing changed). I paste the output below.

  2. I tried to check hard drives using Gparted, but it gets stuck when searching for disks.

  3. I then tried to reinstall GRUB in terminal (following this guide: http://howtoubuntu.org/how-to-repair-restore-reinstall-grub-2-with-a-ubuntu-live-cd), but "sudo mount /dev/sda3 /mnt" wouldn't work as I have to specify the file format, and neither option (ext3, -ext4, -auto) seems to work

  4. Finally, the attempt to save the files accessing the ext4 partition from within windows (with ext2read and other programs) also failed, so it seems to me the whole partition is corrupt.


Now here's the output from boot-repair: http://paste.ubuntu.com/8229032


Any ideas? Thanks in advance

boot - Ubuntu 18.10: Installing nvidia drivers leads to black screen after GRUB



I upgraded from Ubuntu 18.04 to 18.10 without any errors. When I restarted, I got a black screen with a blinking cursor (couldn't type anything) right after GRUB. Pressing Ctrl-Alt-F2 got me to a terminal session.



I rebooted, then tried editing GRUB by pressing e and changing quiet splash to nomodeset. Pressed F10. It didn't work.




I had to reboot, press Ctrl-Alt-F2 then remove the nvidia drivers by typing sudo apt-get purge ^nvidia. Only then was Ubuntu able to boot successfully.



I installed the nvidia 340.107 drivers from the Additional Drivers tab in Software & Updates. Rebooting got me to the same black screen as before, and I had to purge the nvidia drivers again.



System: AMD FX-6300 CPU, Asrock 970 Extreme mobo, 8 GB RAM, Nvidia GeForce 9600GT.



Thank you.



I had this issue too with the nvidia drivers and Ubuntu 18.10. I found a thread on the French Ubuntu website which helped me. It's a fix for Ubuntu 17.10 but it worked for me on 18.10.




Try this:




  1. Edit /etc/gdm3/custom.conf:



    sudo gedit /etc/gdm3/custom.conf

  2. Here uncomment the line




    #WaylandEnable=false


    which becomes also



    WaylandEnable=false


    Don't forget to save!





With this you should be able to install the nvidia drivers (I'm using the 390 version which works for me).



Source


Saturday, December 26, 2015

live usb - No disk space on USB boot drive

I'm fairly new to Linux, and this may just be me not realizing how it works but I've got a 16GB USB drive that I installed Ubuntu onto very recently using rufus. I haven't actually installed Ubuntu to my computer yet, so I'm just using the boot drive to do basic work because it's faster.



However, when I try to install something (for example, Steam) an error pops up saying I have 0MB left of disk space. I've looked at the boot drive with df and it says I'm only using 10% of the hard drive.



Am I doing something wrong, or is my thinking of extra space on my USB drive flawed to begin with?

How do I check the health of a SSD?



We all know that SSDs have a limited predetermined life span.
So the question for me is how do I check in (Ubuntu) Linux what the current health status of my SSD is? And maybe an estimation how long it will take?




Graphical tool is preferred, but command line tool would also be fine.



I'm using Xubuntu 12.04 LTS



Install Gnome Disk Utility and check SMART Data and Tests for wear-leveling-count or similar. The higher that number (%, from 1 to 100), the more "used up" your SSD is, which means you are more likely to have problems. But if you have a recent SSD, you need not worry about it.



Installed via



 sudo apt-get install gnome-disk-utility



start it via



either menu->Settings->Disk utility



or via command line



sudo gnome-disks

bootloader - How to enable the Boot Splash Screen?


After hitting enter from GRUB, the screen displays a blinking cursor. How can I enable the loading screen, so that the boot splash screen displays instead of a blinking cursor??



echo FRAMEBUFFER=y | sudo tee /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/splash
sudo update-grub2
sudo update-initramfs -u

or have a look at this page (in spanish): http://lavidalinux.com.ar/2010/05/como-arreglar-plymouth-en-ubuntu-10-04.html


antivirus - How do I avoid su-ing to root




I need to install Symantec Antivirus for Linux on my computer.



According to its README file, it says:




Debian and Ubuntu users should use sudo



For installation and when you execute Symantec AntiVirus for Linux commands, Debian and Ubuntu users should use sudo. Do NOT su to root for these actions. In addition, ensure that the user who is running the command is in the sudoers list.





Question #1: How do I avoid su-ing to root?



I'm new to Linux and Ubuntu.



During the installation process, I entered the following details:




Name: Sharon




Account name: Sharon




I notice that whenever I open up a terminal window, it says:




sharon@sharon:~$


Question #2: Is sharon@sharon:~$ root?




PS: I am very new to Linux and Ubuntu; please excuse me if my questions seem elementary.



1) What do you mean by that? sudo gains the account a temporary root privileges. Some applications will need these privileges and you will need to sudo. If however you don't want to type sudo all the time, then type sudo su BUT THAT'S NOT RECOMMENDED.



2) No.


hot spot - Hotspot in Ubuntu 18.04 via external wificard (iBaton)

I am using laptop with Ubuntu 18.04, and using two WiFi card



1. PCI wifi card




$ lspci | grep -i Network


03:00.0 Network controller: Qualcomm Atheros QCA9565 / AR9565 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01)



2. external wifi card(USB)



$ lsusb




Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0bda:5776 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.



Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0438:7900 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.



Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub



Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0cf3:3121 Atheros Communications, Inc.




Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0438:7900 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Bus
001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub



Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub



Bus 003 Device 003: ID 148f:7601 Ralink Technology, Corp. MT7601U Wireless Adapter



Bus 003 Device 002: ID 3938:1031



Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub





My laptop is connected with LAN, and now i want to create a hotspot-
my laptop PCI wificard is not working, and I want to use external wificard(USB) to create the hotspot.



Could anyone please suggest how to use USB wificard to create the hotspot.

gnome - Disable Unity launcher and top panel 16.04


In Ubuntu 14.04 I was able to permanently disable Unity plugin from Compiz config settings manager (to hide launcher and top bar). However in 16.04 it's back after a reboot.
Any idea how I can make this change permanent? Or: is there a way to disable them at every startup? Or: can I completely uninstall them?
Thank you for any idea.


(Reason: These bars badly interfere with full screen applications. They appear for example when a dialog box is shown, covering important parts of the screen. Same is true for gnome-session-flashback.)



Fixing #1506023 a startup check for unityshell was implemented, so it will be added back to the list of active Compiz plugins even if you have disabled it in ccsm (unity-active-plugins-safety-check).


As discussed in #1620728, we can disable this check in /usr/share/upstart/sessions/unity7.conf. Just comment out the line:


  #/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/unity/unity-active-plugins-safety-check

Then copy this file to ~/.config/upstart/unity7.conf, because the system-wide file may be overwritten on an update.




Alternatively, lock the list of active plugins to a fixed value. If Compiz uses the GSettings Configuration Backend (the default), you can lock the active-plugins key in Dconf (the backend of Gsettings).


(1) Get the list of Compiz profiles:


dconf read /org/compiz/existing-profiles

For me it's


['Default', 'unity']

Append a new profile called nounity:


dconf write /org/compiz/existing-profiles "['Default', 'unity', 'nounity']"

(2) Get your currently active Compiz profile:


dconf read /org/compiz/current-profile

For me it's unity. Copy every setting from here to the new nounity profile


dconf dump /org/compiz/profiles/unity/ | dconf load /org/compiz/profiles/nounity/

(3) Get the list of active plugins:


dconf read /org/compiz/profiles/nounity/plugins/core/active-plugins

For me


['core', 'composite', 'opengl', 'place', 'mousepoll', 'snap', 'grid', 'copytex', 'imgpng', 'resize', 'wall', 'commands', 'vpswitch', 'move', 'unitymtgrabhandles', 'regex', 'compiztoolbox', 'session', 'animation', 'expo', 'workarounds', 'ezoom', 'fade', 'scale', 'unityshell']

Copy this into a text editor for later use. Remove 'unityshell' and add 'decor' (for window decorations, frames, captions etc.) somewhere after opengl.


['core', 'composite', 'opengl', 'decor', 'place', 'mousepoll', 'snap', 'grid', 'copytex', 'imgpng', 'resize', 'wall', 'commands', 'vpswitch', 'move', 'unitymtgrabhandles', 'regex', 'compiztoolbox', 'session', 'animation', 'expo', 'workarounds', 'ezoom', 'fade', 'scale']

Note: you could have done this step from ccsm. Click Preferences on the left plane, switch to the nounity profile, go back, disable Unity plugin, and enable window decorations. Compiz may crash for the first time. Then optionally change the profile back to unity. Now ccsm should have set /org/compiz/profiles/nounity/plugins/core/active-plugins to the correct value so that the plugins are in correct order.


(4) From here on, we'll follow the Dconf manual to lock active-plugins in the nounity Compiz profile. We'll create a new Dconf system database called nounity. Create a folder /etc/dconf/db/nounity.d/ then a file /etc/dconf/db/nounity.d/plugins with contents from step (3):


[org/compiz/profiles/nounity/plugins/core]
active-plugins=['core', 'composite', 'opengl', 'decor', 'place', 'mousepoll', 'snap', 'grid', 'copytex', 'imgpng', 'resize', 'wall', 'commands', 'vpswitch', 'move', 'unitymtgrabhandles', 'regex', 'compiztoolbox', 'session', 'animation', 'expo', 'workarounds', 'ezoom', 'fade', 'scale']

(5) We'll lock that key to this default value. Create a folder /etc/dconf/db/nounity.d/locks/ then a file /etc/dconf/db/nounity.d/locks/plugins with contents


/org/compiz/profiles/nounity/plugins/core/active-plugins

(6) If the DCONF_PROFILE environment variable is unset and there is no /etc/dconf/profile/user Dconf profile file on the system, then the default fall-back configuration is used. So it's safe to create our own configuration. We'll call it user so that Dconf loads it by default, and specify our nounity system database to lock the active-plugins key. Create a file /etc/dconf/profile/user with contents


user-db:user
system-db:nounity

(7) Because of steps (4)-(6) call


sudo dconf update

Everything's set up. Now you can switch to the nounity Compiz profile with Compizconfig Settings Manager – probably the easiest, GUI way – or by editing your compizconfig file (~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig/config)


[general_ubuntu]
profile = nounity

Either way, this choice persists across restarts. With the nounity profile, Unity shell doesn't show, and even you can't enable it in ccsm or through dconf, because the plugin list is locked. With the unity profile, you can toggle plugins manually (but unityshell will be automatically activated at startup).


software recommendation - What is the best solution to backing up your computer to an external HD?



I have an external hard drive that I would like to make backups to, what I would like is have a program that is easy to set up to accomplish this for me.


Thanks

Friday, December 25, 2015

64 bit - x86 or x64 for AMD E-300 and 4 GB of RAM?

So I have a machine with AMD E-300 ( http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/Bobcat/AMD-E%20Series%20E-300.html ), and 4096 MegaBytes of RAM memory, 3712 MB usable, because the integrated GPU takes 384 MB. What should I use, considering that it is an x64 CPU? Should I go with the x64 version of Xubuntu/Lubuntu, or with the 32bit/x86 one? Would my machine perform better with the x64?

uefi - Why do I get "Required key not available" when install 3rd party kernel modules or after a kernel upgrade?


This issue happens only on UEFI systems with enabled Secure Boot.


When I try to install DKMS modules like VirtualBox, Nvidia, or Broadcom drivers, they do not install and I get Required key not available when I try to modprobe them.


VirtualBox complains that vboxdrv is not loaded.


Broadcom wl driver is shown in lspci -k as a kernel module but is not in use. sudo modprobe wl throws Required key not available.


Also this issue may happen when I install some kernel modules from git sources.


This issue may appear after a kernel update as disabled wireless adapter, black screen after a reboot, etc.


How can I fix it?



Since Ubuntu kernel 4.4.0-20 the EFI_SECURE_BOOT_SIG_ENFORCE kernel config has been enabled. That prevents from loading unsigned third party modules if UEFI Secure Boot is enabled.


The easiest way to fix this issue is to disable Secure Boot in UEFI (BIOS) settings.


In most cases you can get into UEFI settings using grub menu. Press ESC button on booting, get into grub menu and select System Setup. Secure Boot option should be in "Security" or "Boot" section of the UEFI.


You can get into UEFI directly, but it depends on your hardware. Read your computer manual to see how to get there. It may be Del, or F2 on boot, or something else.


An alternative way is to disable Secure Boot using mokutil.


Since Ubuntu kernel build 4.4.0-21.37 this can be fixed by running


sudo apt install mokutil
sudo mokutil --disable-validation

It will require to create a password. The password should be at least 8 characters long. After you reboot, UEFI will ask if you want to change security settings. Choose "Yes".


Then you will be asked to enter the previously created password. Some UEFI firmware asks not for the full password, but to enter some characters of it, like 1st, 3rd, etc. Be careful. Some people do not understand this. I did not get it from the first attempt either ;-)


Update: Now this kernel config is enabled in all supported Ubuntu kernels. Ubuntu 16.04, 15.10 and 14.04 are affected.


software center - Does Ubuntu 18.04 allow snap packages to be reviewed / rated, and if so, where do I see that information?

For years, I've relied on the ratings and reviews in the Software Center to guide some of my application choices, when there are multiple applications that are available for a given need. Independent reviews from users can be useful to nudge me away from poorly working applications and towards ones that are superior. (I'm fully aware that some people may find those reviews and/or ratings not useful to them, but they are useful to me.)


I have found that I can neither view nor submit ratings or reviews for snap applications that are accessible in the Software Center of Ubuntu 18.04. I can find no answers to this on various snap web pages or in the Software Center itself as to why this is. Is it possible to publish ratings and reviews of these snap apps, and if so, where add my own ratings and reviews and view those submitted by other users?

networking - I think I've been hacked, what can I do?





I have recently installed Ubuntu 15.xx and I belive my machine has been hacked.



My computer's name has been changed to imatransvestite, and although I can still change passwords, I cannot use sudo without this error: sudo: unable to resolve host imatransvestite



What can I do to fix tis, and what should I do?



If you have been hacked, or even think you have been hacked, then there is no easy way to determine what all has been done to your system.



In your case, we know that, at the very least, your system's hostname has been changed. However, a backdoor for the hacker could have been installed. Malware could have been installed. Your system could be configured to use poisoned DNS. You could have malware that's downloading very very NSFW illegal things to your computer. There is literally an unending list of things your computer could be doing as a result of being hacked..




Your best solution is to "Nuke It From Orbit"TM, or in laymans terms, "Completely reinstall from scratch".



In addition to reinstalling your system from scratch, take the following steps:




  1. Change all your passwords on websites you use. It's possible your passwords are now in the hands of the hacker, so time to use different ones.

  2. Set up a firewall. After you have a cleanly installed system, run the following commands, to make sure that a firewall is installed and enabled. This will help secure your system:

    sudo apt-get install ufw
    sudo ufw enable


  3. Only use networks and websites which you trust to not be malicious. Unsecured wireless networks are a hacker's paradise, and untrusted sites can have malware or other privacy-violating things on them that can lead to you being hacked.

  4. Use different passwords for every login, and use a password manager to manage/remember them. Make sure a password manager's password doesn't match another password you use, and make sure all your passwords are different. This applies for your user account too going forward. This is one of the most effective methods, but it's a little more difficult.


launcher - No unity, no desktop, no laucher in Ubuntu Desktop 16.04

I wanted to install ubuntu-desktop and unity packages on a fresh install of ubuntu server 16.04.1.
I installed with ubuntu-desktop --no-install-recommends parameters.



When I start OS, I’m prompted to log in with my user, BUT no launcher, no unity, no icons, no right-click, only terminal access and default wallpapers are displayed.



After login process, .xsession-errors start growing and CONSUME ALL FREE disk space ! this file contain only this error message:





process 2473: arguments to dbus_message_iter_append_basic() were incorrect, assertion "_dbus_check_is_valid_utf8 (*string_p)" failed in file ../../dbus/dbus-message.c line 2712. This is normally a bug in some application using the D-Bus library.




No log in /var/log/syslog.



Also, I can SSH on my machine, seeking on the web to find a solution, but no tip does not work for my case.






I tried to reinstall Ubuntu, ubuntu-desktop (with recommended packages), unity without success, I'm lost.



Could anyone help me and save my day?

repository - jenkins-common package for latest jenkins builds

I am required to upgrade jenkins due to a bug breaking our builds, I've used the jenkins repository from http://pkg.jenkins-ci.org/debian/ and have come up against a wall. Required Jenkins version is 1.531




The jenkins-common package is required for some configuration and plugin files to be found by the jenkins package, though there is no jenkins-common version newer than 1.424.6 available.



Am I missing something? Where can I find a correctly-versioned jenkins-common?

grub2 - Stuck in GRUB Rescue Mode

I messed up my new laptop while trying to set up a dual-boot with Ubuntu and Windows 8.I did a whole bunch of stuff trying to get it to work and now when I try to boot I get stuck in GRUB's recovery mode with no errors.

My question is: Can I boot from Ubuntu on a USB drive to erase both Windows 8 and Ubuntu to just install Ubuntu? Will this get ride of the GRUB rescue mode problem.

Thursday, December 24, 2015

startup - Disable Auto-start Application



I couple of versions of Ubuntu ago I setup a program to start automatically when the computer turns on. It is of no use to me at this point, and I want to disable it now. The problem is, I can't figure out how I did it. I've looked in:




  • Startup Applications (gnome-session-properties)

  • ~/.config/autostart

  • ~/.config/gnome-session/saved-session/


  • /etc/init.d/

  • /etc/gdm/



Is there somewhere else I might have set it? Or is there a way to trace how a running program was started? Couldn't find anything like that in System Monitor.



Just grep it:



sudo grep -IRF onboard /etc 2> /dev/null



and if unsuccessful



grep -lIRF onboard ~/.[^.]* 2> /dev/null

unity - Launcher, menubar and window borders disappeared in Ubuntu 16.04




After upgrading to 16.04 from 15.10 it was running smoothly for about one week, then it started getting random crashes and freezes and now all the windows borders disappeared. I would include a screenshot but the keyboard shortcut for screenshots doesn't work.



Launcher is missing, and the global menu/ top bar is also missing. Right now my firefox window is maximized to the top and fills the screen like if I had pressed F11 to run it fullscreen. None of the keyboard shortcuts work.



Can't open a terminal using Ctrl + Alt + T. I finally managed to get a terminal open and ran unity --debug and this is the result. [opened the terminal using ctrl+space to open synapse, apparently that works and also copying in terminal and pasting firefox also works]



unity --debug
unity-panel-service stop/waiting
unity7 stop/waiting

unity-panel-service start/running, process 2515
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: core
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: core
[New Thread 0x7ffff3638700 (LWP 2588)]
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: ccp
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: ccp
[New Thread 0x7fffeb20e700 (LWP 2590)]
compizconfig - Info: Backend : gsettings

compizconfig - Info: Integration : true
compizconfig - Info: Profile : unity
[New Thread 0x7fffeaa0d700 (LWP 2591)]
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: composite
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: composite
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: regex
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: regex
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: commands
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: commands
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: resize

/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: resize
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: place
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: place
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: move
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: move
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: snap
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: snap
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: session
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: session
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: imgpng

/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: imgpng
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: compiztoolbox
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: compiztoolbox
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Error: Plugin 'opengl' not loaded.

/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: mousepoll
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: mousepoll
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: vpswitch
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: vpswitch
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: workarounds

/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Info: Starting plugin: workarounds
/usr/bin/compiz (core) - Error: Plugin 'opengl' not loaded.


There is one error of opengl plugin not loading. Is that the problem?



I found the answer from this thread (https://askubuntu.com/a/717860/25131)




  1. Alt + F10 and then open terminal from the menu

    that appears

  2. then type ccsm in to the terminal.

  3. in there search for unity plugin and enable it.



It asks several questions because enabling it conflicts with another.
After enabling it the Unity launcher and menu bar should appear.


unity - Launcher in 13.04 does not always show when mouse touches the edge of the screen

I have a weird problem with the launcher ever since I upgraded from 12.04 to 13.04.



I've set the launcher to auto-hide mode and whenever the pointer touched the left edge of the screen the launcher would pop out as expected. After upgrading to 13.04 the launcher sometimes fails to respond. I've tweaked some parameters like sensitivity, acceleration etc through CompizConfig but they don't seem to change anything.



What is troubling me is that this behavior seems to be completely random. Sometimes it happens when there is a window attached to the side, sometimes not. Even when it fails to appear the first time, if I try again and again, it will eventually appear. Touching the top left corner of the screen with the mouse always shows the launcher. Also, to make things even more random, it seems to me that the launcher usually fails to appear when i'm using my bluetooth mouse. When this happens, I try my laptop's trackpad, which doesn't seem to help, but the red dot (I'm on an IBM Thinkpad) almost always works.



If anyone has any idea at all, please share. It's not a huge problem, but its randomness and lack of apparent explanation drives me mad. Thanks so much!

security - Are PPAs safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?


I see a lot of interesting programs out there that can only be obtained by adding a "PPA" to the system but, if I'm understanding correctly, we should stay within the official "repositories" for adding software to our system.


Is there any way for a novice to know if a "PPA" is safe or if it should be avoided? What tips should the user know about when dealing with a PPA?.



PPA (Personal Package Archive) are used to include a specific software to your Ubuntu, Kubuntu or any other PPA compatible distro. The "safeness" of a PPA depends mostly on 3 things:



  1. Who made the PPA - An official PPA from WINE or LibreOffice like ppa:libreoffice/ppa and a PPA that I created myself are not the same. You do not know me as a PPA maintainer, so the trust issue and safety is VERY low for me (Since I could have made a corrupted package, incompatible package or anything else bad), but for LibreOffice and the PPA they offer in their website, THAT gives a certain safety net to it. So depending on who made the PPA, how long he or she has been making and maintaining the PPA will influence a little bit on how safe the PPA is for you. PPA's as mentioned above in the comments are not certified by Canonical.


  2. How many users have used the PPA - For example, I have a PPA from http://winehq.org in my personal PPA. Would you trust ME with 10 users that confirm using my PPA having 6 of them saying it sucks than to the one Scott Ritchie offers as ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa in the official winehq website. It has thousands of users (including me) that use his PPA and trust his work. This is work that has several years behind it.


  3. How updated the PPA is - Let us say you are using Ubuntu 10.04 or 10.10, and you want to use THAT special PPA. You find out that the last update to that PPA was 20 years ago.. O.o. The chances you have on using THAT PPA are null. Why?. Because the package dependencies that PPA needs are very old and maybe the updated ones change so much code that they wont work with the PPA and possibly break your system if you install any of the packages of that PPA to your system.


    How updated a PPA influences the decision to use it if he/she wants to use THAT PPA. If not they would rather go look for another one more up to date. You do not want Banshee 0.1 or Wine 0.0.0.1 or OpenOffice 0.1 Beta Alpha Omega Thundercat Edition with the latest Ubuntu. What you want is a PPA that is updated to your current Ubuntu. Remember that a PPA mentions for what Ubuntu version is made for or multiple Ubuntu versions was made for.


    As an example of this here is an image of the versions that are supported in the Wine PPA:


    enter image description here


    Here you can see that this PPA is supported since Dinosaurs.


    One BAD thing about how updated a PPA is, if the PPA maintainer tends to push into the PPA the latest, greatest and cutting edge version of a specific package. The down side of this is that if you are going to test the latest of something, you ARE going to find some bugs. Try to stick with PPAs that are updated to a stable version and not a unstable, testing or dev version since it might/will contain bugs. The idea of having the latest is also to TEST and say what problems were found and solve them. An example of this are the daily Xorg PPAs and Daily Mozilla PPAs. You will get about 3 daily updates for X.org or Firefox if you get the dailies. This is because of the work the put in there and if you are using their daily PPAs it means you want to help with bug hunting or development and NOT for a production environment.



Basically stick with this 3 and you will be safe. Always look for the maker/maintainer of the PPA. Always see if many users have used it and always see how updated the PPA is. Places like OMGUbuntu, Phoronix, Slashdot, The H, WebUp8 and even here in AskUbuntu are good sources to find many users and articles talking about and recommending some PPAs that they have tested.


Stable PPA Examples - LibreOffice, OpenOffice, Banshee, Wine, Kubuntu, Ubuntu, Xubuntu, PlayDeb, GetDeb, VLC are good and safe PPAs from MY experience.


Semi Stable PPA - X-Swat PPA is a in the middle PPA between bleeding edge and stable.


Bleeding Edge PPA - Xorg-Edgers is a bleeding edge PPA although I should mention that after 12.04, this PPA has become more and more stable. I would still mark it as bleeding edge but it is stable enough for end users.


Selectable PPA - Handbrake offers here a way for the user to choose, do you want a stable version or do you want the bleeding edge (Also referred to as Snapshot) version. In this case you can select what you want to use.


Note that in the case of using for example the X-Swat ppa with the Xorg-Edgers PPA, you will get a mixed between the two (With priority towards Xorg-Edgers). This is because both are trying to include almost the same packages, so they will overwrite each other and only the most updated one will show in your repositories (Except if you manually tell it to grab the package from X-Swat).


Some PPAs might update some of your packages when you add them to your repository because they will overwrite with their own version a certain package to make the PPA software work on your system correctly. This might be some code packages, python versions, etc.. Other like the LibreOffice PPA will remove all existence of the OpenOffice from your system to install the LibreOffice packages there. Basically read what other users have commented about a specific package and also read if the package is compatible with your Ubuntu version.


As the comment below suggest by Jeremy Bicha, some bleeding edge (PPAs that stay very up to date including adding Alpha, Beta or RC quality software in the PPA) could potentially damage your whole system (In the worst case). Jeremy mentions an example of many.


Which should I recommend, 10.04 vs 11.04?







I've been running 10.04 for a while now. I use it for development purposes and recreation, and I love it. My friend recently had to reformat his computer because he got a virus. Naturally, he is looking to try out Ubuntu (instead of his Windows 7).My friend would only use this for recreation/writing papers/etc., and he is not that tech savy.




I am torn because I know 10.04 would be more stable for him, but the 11.04 desktop looks interesting.



From your experience, are new features in 11.04 worth the instability? For you users of 11.04, how stable is it? Does it have noticeable problems?



I know it's a matter of preference, so I'm searching for opinions.



Should I recommend 10.04 or 11.04?



Thanks for your responses!

apt - How to install Brosix secure instant messaging on an Aquaris E5 Ubuntu phone

I have already installed the Brosix .deb app on my Kubuntu 15.04 laptop without any problems.
I copied the app to the downloads folder on my Aquaris E5 Ubuntu touch phone, downloaded the terminal from the Ubuntu store and used the 'sudo apt-get install' command in an attempt to install the app.
I receive the following message(s)...



W: Not using locking for read only lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock



E: Unable to write to /var/cache/apt




E: The package list or status file could not be parsed or opened.



Does anyone know how to sucessfully add Brosix to an ubuntu phone?



I chose Brosix due to the security aspect and the fact that it can be installed on all platforms, so I'm really hoping there is a solution.



Thanks in advance for your help.

software installation - Remove nVidia driver and go back to Nouveau


I've installed nVidia driver successfully but I want to go back to Nouveau driver and eliminate any xorg.conf file created by nVidia config tools.


What is the proper way to do it? (not ending up with no driver at all, or no X server)



To reconfigure xorg.conf. Move your current /etc/X11/xorg.conf. If things go wrong you might need it later again:


sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.BACKUP

The following steps will install the nouveau-driver on configure the xserver accordingly:


sudo apt-get install nouveau-firmware
sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

Go following the screen steps, answering the wizard questions and you should able to restore or reconfigure to previous Nouveau state.


apt - How do I solve release file not found error?

E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/unstable/ubuntu bionic Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.

10.04 - Inaccessible Samba share with vscan-clamav

I have set up Samba with vscan-clamav and everything seems to be configured properly. However, when I try to access a Samba share from Windows I get the following error.



---------------------------
Open Folder

---------------------------
\\ is not accessible. You might not have permission to use this network resource. Contact the administrator of this server to find out if you have access permissions.

A device attached to the system is not functioning.

---------------------------
OK
---------------------------



When I comment out the following lines in smb.conf, I can access the shares but obviously the real-time virus scanning does not work.



vfs object = vscan-clamav
vscan-clamav: config-file = /etc/samba/vfs-config/vscan-clamav.conf


I have verified that clamav is running properly. I've also verified the following:



vscan-clamav.conf contains clamd socket name = /var/run/clamav/clamd.ctl which does exist.




The clamav user has ownership of the /var/run/clamav directory.



The clamav daemon is running.



What am I missing?

bug reporting - How to report a bug for no sound through headphones?


So this is the first version of Ubuntu that stops the sound from coming out of my speakers when I plug in headphones. Unfortunately it also stops the sound altogether... I would like to submit a bug report but I can't remember how, nor what program I should submit it for?



This question should have all the information you need about issues with alpha and beta releases.


In particular, this link covers how to report bugs.


As for what package you should file the bug report under, try to narrow it down as much as possible. If it only happens for specific programs, there's probably a common link between them. If all of your system audio is broken, I would file it under ALSA.


command line - Does skype still have a man page?



Skype used to have a man page. Now, I just get:



thufir@mordor:~$ 

thufir@mordor:~$ man skype
No manual entry for skype
See 'man 7 undocumented' for help when manual pages are not available.
thufir@mordor:~$


I installed as per the directions for Ubuntu 15.10. See also:



http://community.skype.com/t5/Linux/man-skype/m-p/4321762




No, but for a list of all options one can use with it, skype --help still works:



Skype 4.3.0.37

Usage: skype [options]
Options:
--dbpath= Specify an alternative path to store Skype data files.
Default: ~/.Skype
--resources= Specify a path where Skype can find its resource files.
Default: /usr/share/skype

--secondary Start a secondary instance of Skype.
--disable-api Disable Skype Public API.
--callto
skype:?
These commands allow Skype links handling.
--pipelogin Command line login. "echo username password | skype --pipelogin"
--version Display version information and exit.

Wednesday, December 23, 2015

Boot freeze after install fresh of 16.04 and nvidia drivers

I've been struggling with a fresh 16.04 desktop install on PC with Nvidia GTX 950. Initial install is fine. Only thing is in Nouveau my 4k monitor only goes up to full hd resolution. After I install proprietary driver from Nvidia (I've tried 361 through screen and 364 trhough ppa) and reboot PC it freezes right after Grub. With 361 on black screen with blinking cursor , with 364 on either black or purple screen without cursor. Either way it's not booting. With 361 I did get to boot a couple of intermittent times and it dit show 4k resolution but it only booted like one in 20 attempts.




I've tried everything I could find like nomodeset, different clock settings, bios settings, more than 10 fresh reinstalls with different options etc but cannot find a working model.



My 14.04LTS setup with proprietary Nvidia drivers works fine on this PC :-S



Can anybody help me find what is wrong?

password - Recovering Encrypted Home Directory With Ecryptfs - Passphrase not working

My computer recently failed and I'm now trying to recover files off my external SATA SSD via LiveUSB.




  • I don't remember encrypting my computer, but I'm receiving the ACCESS_YOUR_.... file when navigating to the partitions home folder through terminal

  • Using sudo ecryptfs-mount-private gives the error Encrypted private directory not setup properly

  • I then use sudo ecrpytfs-recover-private and it finds the encrypted folder that I am trying to access

  • I choose to login with my passphrase but always receive the error Unwrapping password and inserting into user session keyring failed [-5]




The thing is, I know that I am entering the correct login passphrase for this account. I only use one or two passphrases to get in, and I've tried every single password that I can think of using in the last few years.



Is there anything that I could be missing that would be causing this to happen? I'm stumped and cannot understand why I can't get in. I do not have my mount passphrase, and really need the files off this computer.



Possibly relevant: this SSD is unable to be booted in the Lenovo computer that I took it from, but it does show up on both OS X and via USB. Could the configuration have gotten messed up somehow? My computer shut down randomly one day and simply refuses to boot into the SSD partition from the bootloader, although it does see it.



What steps can I take to further diagnose this problem and get into my folder? I am willing to try everything and will report back with outputs. Any help is very appreciated, and I will throw btc to anybody that can help me out. Thank you.

Chrome autostart on ubuntu

I have recently installed Ubuntu on my PC, but I can't understand how to manage the applications -- as an example, I'm trying to get Chrome to autostart.
I can start Chrome manually, but I'm not able to find the correct exe (to make it autostart). How can I make this work?

Tuesday, December 22, 2015

drivers - can't install Realtek RTL8723de on ubuntu 16.04 kernel 4.15

I did this:

$ uname -r
4.15.0-041500-generic
$ git clone https://github.com/jeremyb31/rtl8723de.git
Cloning into 'rtl8723de'...
remote: Counting objects: 536, done.
remote: Total 536 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 536
Receiving objects: 100% (536/536), 2.41 MiB | 356.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (195/195), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
$ sudo dkms add ./rtl8723de
Creating symlink /var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/source ->

/usr/src/rtl8723de-5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414
DKMS: add completed.
$ sudo dkms install rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414
Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel. Skipping...
Building module:
cleaning build area....
'make' all KVER=4.15.0-041500-generic....(bad exit status: 2)
ERROR (dkms apport): binary package for rtl8723de: 5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414 not found
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 4.15.0-041500-generic (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/build/make.log for more information.
I suspect is because the kernel 4.15 but i wanted to see what you think it is, im struggling with this the whole day
thanks
EDIT:
make.log
$ cat make.log 
DKMS make.log for rtl8723de-5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414 for kernel 4.15.0-041500-generic (x86_64)

mar ini 30 14:47:00 PET 2018
make ARCH=x86_64 CROSS_COMPILE= -C /lib/modules/4.15.0-041500-generic/build M=/var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/build modules
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.15.0-041500-generic'
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/build/core/rtw_cmd.o
In file included from /var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/build/include/osdep_service.h:42:0,
from /var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/build/include/drv_types.h:32,
from /var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/build/core/rtw_cmd.c:22:
/var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/build/include/osdep_service_linux.h: In function ‘_init_timer’:
/var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/build/include/osdep_service_linux.h:287:8: error: ‘_timer {aka struct timer_list}’ has no member named ‘data’
ptimer->data = (unsigned long)cntx;

^
/var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/build/include/osdep_service_linux.h:288:2: error: implicit declaration of function ‘init_timer’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
init_timer(ptimer);
^
cc1: some warnings being treated as errors
scripts/Makefile.build:316: recipe for target '/var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/build/core/rtw_cmd.o' failed
make[2]: * [/var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/build/core/rtw_cmd.o] Error 1
Makefile:1514: recipe for target 'module/var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/build' failed
make[1]: *
[module/var/lib/dkms/rtl8723de/5.1.1.8_21285.20171026_COEX20170111-1414/build] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.15.0-041500-generic'

Makefile:1884: recipe for target 'modules' failed
make: *** [modules] Error 2

Trouble installing NPM packages?

I have a box running 14.04 - I've uploaded the source files for a site and when I run npm install at site root, I see the progress bar run through but on completion, the node_modules is empty?



However, if I install each listed package individually; e.g. npm install gulp, they install just fine?




Anyone encountered this before? It has me baffled..

Unable to mount Windows (NTFS) filesystem due to hibernation




Whenever I boot Ubuntu, I get a message that it cannot mount my windows partition, and I can choose to either wait, skip or manually mount.



When I try to enter my Windows partition through Nautilus I get a message saying that this partition is hibernated and that I need to enter the file system and properly close it, something I have done with no problem so I don't know why this happens.



Here's my partition table, if any more data is needed please let me know.



   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1 2048 20000767 9999360 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 20002814 478001151 228999169 5 Extended

/dev/sda3 * 478001152 622532607 72265728 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda4 622532608 625141759 1304576 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda5 20002816 478001151 228999168 83 Linux


A bug has been filed about the Nautilus dialog you are seeing as it recommends a potentially dangerous option that could result in data loss. Please do not run the command in this dialog unless you want to delete your saved Windows session and potentially lose unsaved work.




Explanation: Why Linux can't open hibernated Windows partitions:




You are seeing this error because you hibernated Windows instead of
turning it off the normal way (in newer versions of Windows, hibernate
might be the default option).




  • Hibernating saves the current state information to the hard disk and then powers down the computer.

  • Shutting down the computer closes all programs and ends all running processes before powering down the computer.



When you turn off Windows by hibernating it, you are essentially

pausing the system and saving all of that information (into a big file
called hiberfil.sys) This way when you resume from hibernation all
of your applications and files will be exactly how you left them. It
also sets a flag in hiberfil.sys to let other Operating Systems know
that Windows is hibernated.



Making changes to your Windows (ntfs) partition while it is
hibernated could be dangerous--it could cause Windows to not resume
from hibernation or to crash after resuming. Because of this, the
tool (ntfs-3g) that mounts (opens) the partition will not mount it

in read-write mode if it sees a hibernation flag. As such, Nautilus,
the default file browser, will not be able to automatically open this
partition--hence the error message that you see--because it is trying
to open it in read-write mode.




Workaround for all versions of Windows:



There are three ways to mount a hibernated Windows partition:





  1. Boot into Windows and power down the system by shutting it down
    completely. You may then boot back into Ubuntu and the partition will mount in read-write mode automatically when you open it in Nautilus. Note that the "Shut Down" option may not be the one
    displayed in your start menu by default. You may need to click the
    button next to it to see further options.


  2. Manually mount the filesystem in read only mode.




    • Check to see if you have a mount point (folder for mounting your partition in) for your Windows partition in the folder /media
      using this command:




      ls /media


    • If you don't see a folder for your Windows partition, you should create one with the following command:



      sudo mkdir /media/windows


    • Next, mount the partition in read-only mode onto this folder with this command:



      mount -t ntfs-3g -o ro /dev/sda3 /media/windows



      Note that you should change /media/windows if your mountpoint is called something else.



    • Now you will be able to view/open files on your Windows partition using any program in Ubuntu. However you will not be able to write
      to the partition or modify any files as it is in read only mode.


  3. If you need to mount the partition in read-write mode and are not
    able to or willing to boot into Windows and shut it down completely
    there is a third option. However, it is not included here because it completely deletes hiberfil.sys and will cause you to lose all
    unsaved information in the hibernated Windows programs. The following is a quotation
    from man ntfs-3g about the option that would be used to do this.



    remove_hiberfile

    Unlike in case of read-only mount, the read-write mount is
    denied if the NTFS volume is hibernated. One needs either to
    resume Windows and shutdown it properly, or use this option
    which will remove the Windows hibernation file. Please note,
    this means that the saved Windows session will be completely
    lost. Use this option under your own responsibility.



Solution (only for Windows 8 and 10):




There is a new feature in Windows 8 called Fast Startup. If this feature is enabled (which it is by default), Windows 8 does not actually completely shutdown when you choose shutdown. Instead, it does a "hybrid shutdown". This is something like hibernating; it makes booting Windows 8 back up faster. So, you need to disable this feature to be able to shut it down properly, and be able to mount the Windows partitions. To do this, boot into your Windows 8 and:




Note: disabling Fast Startup will most likely make your Windows 8 take a longer time to boot. There are no "exact" numbers, but let's say that if it took you 10 seconds to boot into Windows 8, it will now take you 50 seconds after disabling this feature.





  1. Open Control Panel in the small icons view and click on Power Options. (see screenshot 1)

  2. Click on Choose what the power buttons do. (see screenshot 2)


  3. Click on Change settings that are currently unavailable.
    (see screenshot 3)

  4. Uncheck Turn on fast startup (recommended). (see screenshot 4)



Click on Save changes. Now, shutdown Windows 8 and boot back into Ubuntu.



If you still aren't able to mount without getting errors, you may need to turn off hibernation completely. Open an elevated Command Prompt (right click on the shortcut, click on “Run as Administrator”), and input:



powercfg /h off



Source: Fast Startup - Turn On or Off in Windows 8.


system installation - Can I install Ubuntu within Windows?



I'm new to Ubuntu. I want to install and try learning it. Do I need to format my PC and create another partition on my hard disk? I only have one partition C: and I don't want to format the PC and lose any data. Can I install Ubuntu on the same drive or partition that Windows is installed on (without uninstalling windows)?




As others have pointed out, there are many ways to install Ubuntu. The first step is to download the ubuntu-12.04-desktop-i386.iso file, as you have done. Next you have to burn that file into a CD. The instructions are at:



http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/try-ubuntu-before-you-install



As it says in this page you can try using Ubuntu without installing by booting from the CD you created. This CD can also be used to install Ubuntu INSIDE windows. This method is often called Wubi installation. Ubuntu will reside in a big file in your C: drive. No new partition will be created. Neither will the C: drive be formatted. Once Ubuntu is installed you will have the choice of booting Windows or Ubuntu when you start the computer. To do this kind of install insert the CD while windows is running and follow the instructions. You can read about Wubi here:



https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide/



Hope this helps.



11.10 - Can't boot from USB after installing Ubuntu

I bought a Samsung series 5 notebook and a very strange thing happened: I installed Ubuntu 11.10 from a usb pen drive but when I restarted (...