Read kernel messages page by page from screan at boot time?

How can I read the messages of kernel page by page on the screan at the boot time ?
I know the "dmesg" command or /var/log ... but my box crashes before booting could have finished.
Is there any option of vmlinuz or grub to stop its messages page by page on the screen at boot time?
(I removed the boot parameters of kernel: "quiet splash", so I have a lots of msg on the screan. But the rows run away quickly.)

The "loglevel=4" kernel’s command-line parameter was useful to me in grub menu at start time.
With this option the "warning, notice, info, debug" lots of kernel messages was suppressed on the screen. And only all error type msgs was printed on the screen.
Here are all the kernel's parameter and other loglevel values.
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.14/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html

So it was a good workaround for the original question.

partitioning - Dual-boot on new computer with SSD

This is a basic question. I have found a lot of material on SSD's and dual-booting, but they are about set-ups that are much more nuanced than what I'm interested in. My question is simply this: if I buy a new computer that has an SSD, does it introduce any problems for dual-booting compared to a traditional hard-drive?

I've seen stuff on HDD+SSD, which I assume relates to using one drive to hold boot files and the OS, and the other to hold data. That sounds too complicated and I don't want to do that.

I want to run Windows and Ubuntu on the same machine. I read that SSD's provide massive performance gains, so I'd like to purchase a laptop with an SSD.

Thanks.

No, you should not have any problems with it being an SSD. I would suggest create recovery media, then reinstall using a Windows 10 setup usb or disc. During setup, create your partition sizes so when you install ubuntu alongside windows it does not screw up your windows installation.

16.04 - alt+f4 script equivalent for custom keyboard shortcut?

I would like to make a new keyboard shortcut that does exactly what alt+f4 does right now. I'm using Ubuntu 16.04.

I know how to create a custom keyboard shortcut to execute a shell script, but I don't know what to do to close the current window like alt+f4does.

Just to clarify, I do not want to change what alt+f4 does, but I want to add another key combination with the same functionality.

Thanks! (I prefer a solution without installing a new program, except an apt package)

I found a solution:
http://tripie.sweb.cz/utils/wmctrl/
and
Close active window from terminal
where helpful.

You do have to run sudo apt install wmctrl but it it OK

drivers - Installing NVIDIA GeForce GTX 560 on Ubuntu 13.04

I have a NVIDIA GeForce GTX 560 graphic card with Ubuntu 13.04 running kernel 3.8.0-19 (tried with 3.10.0-999, same issue) and whenever i tried to install NVIDIA driver, either by downloading the *.run file from http://www.nvidia.com and installing it as root (during installation it give some errors as it failed to set runlevel), or doing those following steps:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current nvidia-settings

Whenever I reboot the system, all my screen is messed up (with lower resoluition that should be, and with left and top bars missing), and worked hard to uninstall this driver and get my screen resolution and bars back. Are there any secure and working way to install NVIDIA driver for that graphic card?

grub2 - Cant Remove GRUB

I am uninstalling ubuntu from my surface pro so I can do a clean install of kali, however I cant seem to remove grub. I formatted the partition on the drive with ubuntu on it. Then when I went to remove grub using the windows install media and using the command bootrec.exe /fixmbr and it says it completed successfully, however whenever I reboot the system it opens up grub and I have to type exit to get past it. How can I fix this? Thanks

unity - Problems after upgrading to 14.04 (only background and pointer after login)

After upgrading from 12.04 to 14.04 I could log in to my X session (albeit with really low graphics). While trying to fix the graphics, I managed to break the X session.

Now, after typing my password in the unity-greeter, the items disappear and I can only see the desktop background and the pointer. This happens for every user. I can still log in in tty's. How can I solve this?

Also, I cannot seem to be able to install nvidia-current as it tries to install nvidia-304 and it depends on old video-abi libraries. Is there a way to tell the package manager that nvidia-current should use a newer version?

system installation - Keep data no apps while reinstalling Ubuntu 17.10

I am trying to reinstall Ubuntu 17.10 from live usb.
I have many problems during reinstallation.

So I need to only keep data not apps, Is there an option for that in Ubuntu reinstallation.

Thanks in advance.

You need to preserve the /home folder and all of it's subdirectories (it is unlikely that your data would be stored anywhere else, and no applications installed via apt-get will be there).

Here are some methods which would allow you to do this:

• Backup /home to any kind of backup drive, either as a direct copy or as .tar.gz.


• Repartition your existing hard drive. Create a new partition for /home, and move all your data there. Use that as a /home partition when you reinstall.

12.04 - Boot error when using a USB

I'm trying to install Ubuntu 12.04 using a USB stick. I'm currently using ubuntu 10.04.

I have a 12.04 LTS .iso and tried to make a bootable stick using Startup Disk Creator. The process finishes and when I try to boot a "boot error" message is displayed.

I don't know how to use Unetbootin. My MD5 checksum is ok. I have a C2D 2.66, 2 GB RAM, 320 GB HDD.

installation - How to Revamp my hard-drive and then do a dual-boot windows xp and ubuntu 12.04 LTS Ubuntu currently installed

I had Ubuntu 12.04 LTS on a second hand PC I bought sometime back and I have to say its better than windows any day. However now I need both windows and Ubuntu on my PC. I've already backed up data and burned a Windows XP Sp3 installation cd. One of my biggest problem is that my hard drive has about 4-5 partitions and 2 unallocated of about 5 gb and 7 mb. I have put a screenshot of Gparted. I really don't know much about computers in details so I want everything to go smoothly.
Here's what I'm going for:

1. Undoing all partitions into one.


2. Installing Windows XP


3. Create a second partition


4. Install Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Hard drive is about 320 GB SATA.
How to undo partitions. Should I go in for a complete format? Much appreciated if anyone can guide me here. Thanks a lot!

Sounds like you're on the right track. Install windows before Ubuntu works best.

One way to format the drive is to use a Linux distro with gparted on it that runs form a CD. This way the drive is not mounted. I don't think you can safely format a mounted root partition.

What you want to do in GParted is delete all the partition then apply, that should be fine. Windows should be able to then format the drive in the windows installation process. Have windows only create a partition for itself leaving space for ubunut.

If you have issues you could drop to the windows console in the installation process and run 'fixboot' and 'fixmbr'. When you install ubunut grub will take over the Master boot record process.

Your on the right track.

do-release-upgrade stopped, and couldn't re-run

I tried ubuntu upgrade from 10.04 to 10.10, and 11.04. It was successful from 10.04 to 10.10, but while upgrading from 10.10 to 11.04, I felt something wrong, and stopped it. And I tried to re-run do-release-upgrade, but failed. Here are error messages.

Checking for a new ubuntu release
/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/apt/progress/old.py:134: DeprecationWarning: apt.progress.FetchProgress is deprecated.

  FetchProgress.__init__(self)
/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/UpdateManager/Core/DistUpgradeFetcherCore.py:202: DeprecationWarning: apt_pkg.GetAcquire() is deprecated. Please see apt_pkg.Acquire() for the replacement.
  fetcher = apt_pkg.GetAcquire(self._progress)
/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/UpdateManager/Core/DistUpgradeFetcherCore.py:205: DeprecationWarning: apt_pkg.GetPkgAcqFile() is deprecated. Please see apt_pkg.AcquireFile() for the replacement
  af = apt_pkg.GetPkgAcqFile(fetcher,uri, descr=_("Upgrade tool signature"))
/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/UpdateManager/Core/DistUpgradeFetcherCore.py:208: DeprecationWarning: apt_pkg.GetPkgAcqFile() is deprecated. Please see apt_pkg.AcquireFile() for the replacement
  af = apt_pkg.GetPkgAcqFile(fetcher,self.uri, descr=_("Upgrade tool"))
/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/UpdateManager/Core/DistUpgradeFetcherCore.py:209: DeprecationWarning: Attribute 'Run' of the 'apt_pkg.Acquire' object is deprecated, use 'run' instead.
  if fetcher.Run() != fetcher.ResultContinue:
Failed Upgrade tool signature

Failed Upgrade tool
Done downloading            
Failed to fetch
Fetching the upgrade failed. There may be a network problem. 

Is there any way to re-run do-release-upgrade, or reset upgrade status?

64 bit - 12.04.2 Nvidia driver issue?

I just installed 12.04.2 and I'm stuck with 1024x768 resolution on my GTX560.

Impossible to change the resolution; the native resolution (1680x1050) is not detected.
Any clue ?
Thanks.

The additional drivers panel doesn't show any driver to install, so I kept the original driver.
Here is the xrandr output anyway:

Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 1024 x 768, maximum 16384 x 16384
DVI-I-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DVI-I-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DVI-I-2 connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 430mm x 270mm

   1024x768       75.0*+   60.0  
   800x600        75.0     60.3  
   640x480        75.0     59.9  
HDMI-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DVI-I-3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

18.04 - Stuck in login loop on ubuntu, works on xubuntu

I was stuck in a login loop on ubuntu 18.04 and tried a lot of the answers from other questions to no avail. Like here and here regarding .xauthority, cleaning disk space etc.

Eventually I installed xubuntu and can log in through that. However when I try to login in via ubuntu again (through the dropdown on the login) it goes back to a loop. I then need to restart to even be able to login with xubuntu.

Any ideas how to get back to ubuntu instead of xubuntu? Or where to look for starting points?

---

EDIT: Unity actually works fine as well so I have swicthed to this

Is it possible you've installed a display manager that isn't compatible with your graphics drivers? I've read that 18.04/18.10 has been causing a lot of trouble in regards to booting up/entering desktop, although more specifically for Nvidia graphics cards. You could try entering recovery mode to change the default display manager there, or if you're using Nvidia trying different Nouveau settings in GRUB (nouveau.modeset=0 or nomodeset).

---

In reply to your comment: the steps to take for a graphics problem is in the latter half. I actually just ran into the same exact issue as you after installing and subsequently uninstalling sddm. Unfortunately I didn't document the solution/process well enough to know what fixed it, so this is a shotgun approach.

Try these to fix the login issue:

Preface: my desktop environment is Plasma/KDE. Trying Gnome or Gnome with Wayland would kick me out too. When I tried KDE, it showed an error saying it couldn't write to, I believe .Xauthority or .ICEauthority, in my home folder. Here's what I tried:

• At the login screen, open TTY with ctrl + alt + F6. (Once done with it you can leave with ctrl + alt + F1). For viewing/editing text in console I prefer using sudo nano datfile.

  
  
  
  
  

  • sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop. I think it's possible that sddm overwrote/edited essential files to desktop management. You should try

    
    
    

    sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop -f -y --reinstall --fix-missing

    
    
    

    as ubuntu-desktop is an essential package for your distro and it wouldn't install a package already there. Afterwards, run `

  
  

  • ubuntu-desktop isn't an essential package for my distro, but it might've helped. You can also try installing kubuntu-desktop as an alternative.

  
  
  

  • Take control of files related to desktop management with chown. Specifically .Xauthority and .ICEauthority in your home folder. You can try sudo chown username:username file.

  
  

I suggest taking a look at the manuals related to your issue: man startx, man xterm, man chown. You can try taking ownership of files man startx mention. If possible, posting your xsession_errors log located in your home folder may help.

These are the steps to take if it's a graphics drivers issue:

try these in the order they're in to see if it's solved.

• Type in sudo nano /etc/default/grub to begin editing GRUB.


• Look for the line that says quiet splash. Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of that, within the quotes. Press ctrl + O to write it out, then enter to save it. Ctrl + X to exit, sudo upgrade-grub to really save it. Reboot.


• Open TTY and run `sudo apt remove nvidia* --purge -f -y". Reboot.


• Add the proprietary gfx PPA with:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa

sudo apt-get update

In terminal, run ubuntu-drivers devices and it should spit out the apt packages that you can try installing, such as nvidia-driver-390. Install nvidia-settings as well, then reboot.

boot - Ubuntu 17.10 BIOS problem

It was some time back when I had dual booted my laptop (Lenovo g50-30) with Ubuntu 17.10, which used to have Windows 10. After some time, I deleted Ubuntu to only have windows 10.

Also, I was trying to fix a bootloader problem, and in doing that I made a mistake and now I am unable to boot into windows.

However, I just realized that my BIOS settings are not saving, which was cause due to the Ubuntu 17.10 bug which I was unaware of, and no bootable usb can be detected by it too.

I can't think of any way to recover my machine, as I can't boot into any OS, and BIOS isn't working for me as well. Please help guys.

Edit: Hey guys, thanks for the response. I managed to find a solution to my problem and am typing now from my laptop. Luckily, there was still an ubuntu entry in my boot menu, and on launching that, I reached minimal Bash. I used chainloader from there to boot lubuntu which was on a usb. With this I managed to edit my rEFInd conf file and managed to enable it to detect all efi files, which I had disabled for some reason. rEFInd managed to detect my windows recovery media, and was able to fix my windows. Now I have to just fix my bios :).

Why doesn't desktop unlock screen accept my password?

To unlock a my computer after waking it from standby or screen saver I sometimes have to enter my password many times before it's accepted. What's wrong with it?

UPDATE:

NOT a wireless keyboard - a plain wired Dell RT7D50 USB keyboard and the laptop's built-in keyboard, same behaviour.

All the dots do appear.

Sometimes switching language to a different and back to English seems to help.

There are no problems with keyboards in any other case - only when entering the password in wakeup unlock dialogue. For example when I install applications or reconfigure something and the system asks to enter the password - it is always accepted immediately.

minecraft - GLX on NVIDIA Optimus, Ubuntu 12.04

I have a laptop that has an NVIDIA Optimus graphic card setup. I have tried running Minecraft on that laptop, and the game crashes after login, with the following error:

org.lwjgl.LWJGLException: Could not init GLX

I tried to update my drivers, but no driver update was available. I searched for people asking the same question and I found none, hence the following question:

Is it possible to enable GLX on NVIDIA Optimus? If yes, how to?

Thank you in advance.

Edit:
More information about the graphic card

lspci | grep VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)  
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1058 (rev a1)

lshw -C video

*-display               

   description: VGA compatible controller
   produit: NVIDIA Corporation
   fabriquant: NVIDIA Corporation
   identifiant matériel: 0
   information bus: pci@0000:01:00.0
   version: a1
   bits: 64 bits
   horloge: 33MHz
   fonctionnalités: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list
   configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0

   ressources: irq:16 mémoire:da000000-daffffff mémoire:d0000000-d7ffffff mémoire:d8000000-d9ffffff portE/S:3000(taille=128)
*-display
   description: VGA compatible controller
   produit: 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller
   fabriquant: Intel Corporation
   identifiant matériel: 2
   information bus: pci@0000:00:02.0
   version: 09
   bits: 64 bits
   horloge: 33MHz

   fonctionnalités: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
   configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
   ressources: irq:44 mémoire:db000000-db3fffff mémoire:c0000000-cfffffff portE/S:4000(taille=64)

Your video card based on the Intel chips.
I suggest you refer to Bumblebee project support:

Ubuntu Wiki: Bumblebee
Bumblebee project page: Installing Bumblebee 3.0

I dont know my password and wont let me change it via GRUB

I recently turned off the login password so i would not have to enter my password every time I turn the system on. But now when I try to update or download anything it asks me for my password so I enter my old password and it keeps telling me its wrong when I have only ever had the 1 password and its a simple 1 so I would not forget and considering I have only had UBUNTU installed for two days it is really frustrating. I have also tried resetting it via the GRUB but it wont let me type the new password.
Please help ASAP.

networking - How to fix: Epson wireless networked printer aborts after printing half a page

Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS

Epson Stylus TX550W multifunction printer (copies, scans, but no fax): The first time I managed to discover the printer on my wireless LAN. However, when printing the Ubuntu Test Page, only one-third was printed, then the printer stopped.

Then I installed these deb-packages:

epson-inkjet-printer-stylus-tx550w-series_1.0.0-1lsb3.2_i386.deb
openprinting-gutenprint_5.2.7-1lsb3.2_i386.deb
epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.4.0-1lsb3.2_i386.deb
iscan_2.29.3-1~usb0.1.ltdl7_i386.deb
iscan-data_1.27.0-1_all.deb
iscan-network-nt_1.1.1-1_i386.deb

When I search for new printers at 192.168.0.2 (found from my WiFi routers page), it "finds" an HP Laser JetDirect (?).

If I put socket://192.168.0.2 in the URI or host box, it starts Foomatic and I can choose manufacturer (Epson), model (Stylus TX550W), and a choice of CUPS, Gutenprint, or special Seiko Linux drivers.

But it still prints only one third of any page, whether it be from a brower, LibreOffice, or Ubuntu Test Page, before it stops. The status can be Stopped or Stopped - bad printer configuration.

Does anybody know what to do?

14.04 - AMD Drivers problem: can't display the resolution

So, I'm kind of new to Ubuntu and Linux in general, I installed the latest (Ubuntu 14.04) and everything went fine, except for the resolution so I thought that it was a driver problem because I have a AMD HD 7750 and maybe it required additional proprietary drivers so I installed AMD Catalyst (Latest version), and then rebooted.

And now my monitor says Can't Display and I can't see the GUI.

I can go to terminal (Pressing Ctrl + Alt + F1, F2, F3 etc) but Not the UI.

I am guessing that when you installed the proprietary driver, Unity selected a resolution beyond your monitor's maximum resolution. That is why your monitor says Can't Display. Therefore all you gotta do is just change your resolution!

For this:

• When you are in that Can't Display screen check if you can hear the login sound.
  This would tell us if you are in your login screen.


• Then type in your password and press Enter.



• Now we will assume we are in the desktop screen. Now try opening a terminal(with Ctrl+Alt+t).
  Then type the following command:

  
  

  xrandr -s 1024x768
  

  
  

  I am assuming 1024x768 is a supported resolution in your monitor. If its not supported then type some other supported resolution. This should show your desktop.

If this doesn't work then I suppose you can just delete your proprietary driver. Since you say that your purpose for installing the driver is just to get your maximum screen resolution detected you can just delete it and get your maximum screen resolution detected by following the steps in the answers whose links are as follows(The first link is better):

1. How to make my maximum screen resolution to be detected by Ubuntu?




2. How can I get my monitor's maximum resolution without the proprietary AMD graphic driver installed?

14.04 - Blender 2.70 not installed, but can open it, yet can't find it in dash or add it to launcher

I have downloaded Blender 2.7 and moved it to folder /opt and yet I can't find it in dash or place it in launcher. I have searched for solutions on the net, but I don't quite understand those.

Unless you absolutely need features or bug fixes only present in Blender 2.70 I'd use the version available in the Ubuntu repositories (2.69 for 14.04).

You can easily install it from the Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+t):

sudo apt-get install blender

Properly packaged for Ubuntu, Blender comes with a .desktop file (see the package list) allowing the dash to find it (and can also be used as a launcher icon).

UPDATE:

I assume that you installed blender in /opt/blender-2.70a-linux-glibc211-x86_64.

So the only thing missing to enable dash search and a launcher icon is a .desktop file like this one:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=2.70a
Name=Blender
GenericName=3D modeller
GenericName[es]=modelador 3D
GenericName[de]=3D-Modellierer
GenericName[fr]=modeleur 3D
GenericName[ru]=Редактор 3D-моделей
Comment=3D modeling, animation, rendering and post-production
Comment[es]=modelado 3D, animación, renderizado y post-producción
Comment[de]=3D-Modellierung, Animation, Rendering und Nachbearbeitung
Exec=/opt/blender-2.70a-linux-glibc211-x86_64/blender
Icon=/opt/blender-2.70a-linux-glibc211-x86_64/icons/256x256/apps/blender.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Graphics;3DGraphics;
MimeType=application/x-blender;

After you've created this blender.desktop file, just drag and drop it somewhere onto your launcher.

Note: You may have to change the path to the blender exe/icon if you downloaded the i386 tar.bz2.

ecryptfs - encrypt folder with already encrypted subfolder

I have encrypted my home folder using ecryptfs, but now the need has arisen to encrypt the entire partition (/). Will encrypting my / folder with ecryptfs without removing the encryption on my home folder cause any problems?

16.04 - Installer does not detect windows 10

I followed some instructions which I found on youtube, all was going smoothly untill it said that there is no operating system installed which clearly is wrong since I have windows 10 installed. I do not want to unistall windows 10, but run Ubuntu as a dual-boot. I tried googling for answers but the problem is that I do not understand any of the instructions I find there. I do not know a thing about computers. I think I could get it to work if someone would tell me exactly what to do. That would mean the world to me. Thanks in advance

installation - Trouble Booting Ubuntu After Install

I have been having trouble installing Ubuntu/Mint on a Gateway All-In-One computer.
I have set the boot order. If I let the computer boot up, it gives me the error message, "Reboot and Select proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device and press a key". (This is while I have a USB Flash Drive with an operating system plugged in.)

If I press F12 when I get the message "Press F12 display boot menu", I get the options

UEFI: WDC WD5000AAKX-001CA0
UEFI: KingstonDT 101 G2 1.00 (Flash Drive)
PO: WDC WD5000AAKX-001CAO
KingstonDT 101 G2 1.00 (Same Flash Drive).

If I select UEFI: WDC WD5000AAKX-001CA0 or PO: WDC WD5000AAKX-001CAO, I get the error message, "Reboot and Select proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device and press a key".

If I select UEFI: KingstonDT 101 G2 1.00, I get the GNU GRUB version 2.00-13ubuntu3 menu.

If I select KingstonDT 101 G2 1.00, I get the standard boot up.

I have run through the install, replacing the previous operating system. I have done this with both, Linux Mint 15 and Ubuntu 13.10. Everything installs fine, but when it asks you to restart the computer, I select restart now.

If I let the computer boot up on it's own I get the same "Reboot and Select proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device and press a key" error. If I open up the boot menu and try them all the only one's to work are UEFI: KingstonDT 101 G2 1.00 (Flash Drive) and KingstonDT 101 G2 1.00 (Same Flash Drive). If I run through the install again, I am given the option to replace the operating system I just tried to install.

I know that there is nothing wrong with the hard disk, install file, or flash drive. If I try and boot from a disk, it does not find it, even though I have it set to the top of the boot order.

Sorry for the very wordy post, but I felt the need to provide as much information as possible. I have tried all of the basic remedies and would appreciate some enlightenment.

Blank screen Ubuntu 15.04 update with NVIDIA driver (nomodeset does not work)

After updating to Ubuntu 15.04, the screen goes blank when I boot Ubuntu with grub2. I have tried most of the posted solutions (adding nomodeset, changing quiet splash to no splash) but to no avail. What can I do? (I can't access ubuntu's terminal, but I do have access to Windows10)

When the GRUB boot menu appears : Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and press the E key.
Add the nouveau.modeset=0 parameter to the end of the linux line ... Then press F10 to boot.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.

Enter your user name and password.

Identify your NVIDIA graphics hardware by executing:

lspci -k | grep -EA2 'VGA|3D'  

Uninstall every NVIDIA related software by executing:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*  
sudo reboot

When the GRUB boot menu appears : Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and press the E key.
Add the nouveau.modeset=0 parameter to the end of the linux line ... Then press F10 to boot.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.

Enter your user name and password.

Install the NVIDIA drivers by executing:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-*
sudo reboot  

Note 1:

As you did not provide any information about your NVIDIA graphics card check drivers versions.
Replace * with the latest stable main version number (e.g. 355) that supports your NVIDIA GPU.

Note 2:

When you have switchable graphics cards install nvidia-prime (NVIDIA Optimus support) as well.

Note 3:

If you ever have had bumblebee installed before to switch between graphics - also remove this.

Ubuntu 16.04 Installation Issue Boots Into Black Screen or Freezes - Nouveau/Nvidia Driver issue 1080ti

My research into the problem has found relevant information which I posted at the bottom.

Problem - I am trying to format my current partition of Ubuntu Gnome 17.04 and and install Ubuntu Gnome 16.04 onto my desktop and I cannot get the installation from the usb boot drive to work.

Expected solution - At first I was confused because I installed ubuntu before on this computer and didnt have any issues and thought it was a uefi issue or something. I have recently upgraded my graphics card and I believe that is the issue based on the below links. I expected the problem to get fixed by turning on nomodeset but it did not solve the issue. I have been dealing with this problem for over a week and I appreciate any and all help. I have not tried to download Ubuntu server like one of the solutions suggested.

What I have tried:

I know the usb drive works because I can do it on my laptop. From the
boot up menu I have a few options to boot from my usb: uefi usb, just
the usb, or uefi shell.

When I choose the uefi drive option grub
comes up and gives me 3 options (install, install oem, check disk)
and when i choose install, it goes to a black screen where there is a
cursor that blinks 6 or so times and then freezes.

If I choose the
non uefi usb option, i have a few options. A screen comes on that
shows something like a battery and a person at the bottom, if I let it run I get
many lines printed out that follow the following format (only the

first number changes) in the print out:

[6.4XXXXX(monotonically increasing numbers)] nouveau 0000:01:00.0 fifo: SCHED_ERROR 08 []

if
i hit the down arrow a Ubuntu start up screen comes up. Ive tried to
boot from that menu after hitting F6 and turning on nomodeset,
acpi=off, and nolapic but I get the same issue as the uefi boot (blank screen).

Thanks for any and all help!

Hardware:

• Mobo - MSI Z97 PC Mate


• CPU - Xeon e3 1231 v3


• GPU - EVGA 1080ti FE


• Monitor - 29" UHD LG

Software:

• I dual boot ubuntu gnome 17.04 and Windows 10.

Similar posts:

Ubuntu 16.04 installation blank screen

Ubuntu 16.04 unable to boot with GTX 1080

nouveau driver issue when trying to boot ubuntu

Ubuntu 16.04 Installer Boots Into Black Screen on Intel Atom D2500 Laptop

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1613132

Bug report -
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1602340

I ran into the same problem a couple months later with some additional issues and I was kicking myself for not answering my post. This time I could not run from the live USB, it gave a "grey" screen and then output the same nouveau driver error.

1. Created bootable flash drive in Windows 10 with Universal USB Installer (Rufus didn't work for some reason)




2. Boot up from the USB in the mode that does not have "(UEFI)" in front of it




3. Press e over the install option, remove hyphens make sure it has nomodeset. I cant remember if quiet splash was there already or not. Similar to this Ubuntu Forums thread




4. Run through set up and make sure that you allow for updates to the system





5. If you did not do that, you might run into more issues like I did.




6. I had to boot up in recovery mode and boot up with "quiet splash nomodeset" set link in step 3 but now in grub




7. Make sure that you update your video drivers using to this PPA

   
   
   

   sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install nvidia-384 # or the latest driver
   

I hope this helps someone else other than me.

Ubuntu 14.04 - No Unity in user account, but in guest account

Yesterday I switched back from Linux Mint to Ubuntu 14.04 and after installation I faced the following problem:
When I login with my user account Unity isn't loading. I can see no desktop elements - all I have are the desktop icons in some kind of GNOME-scheme.
But when I login as a guest on the guest account, Unity is working fine.
I read and tried alot yesterday as Ubuntu 14.04 seems to have plenty of issues with lightdm, compiz, ... but nothing worked for me.
I have two asumptions:

1. Because the guest account works, it seems to be an user specific problem.


2. Because the guest account works, there seems so be no problem with graphic driver etc.

To 1:
Are there user specific configurations? Maybe in xorg.conf? Any other explanations why the guest account works fine and my user account does not?

To 2:
I have a Nvidia GEFORCE 520M running. I tried the nvidia-driver, but then no desktop appeared, neither in guest account nor in my user account. So I removed them.

I tried so many things yesterday, so that I absolutely lost track on more possible solutions. Anyone an idea?

How to disable auto power off of usb devices like usb mouse?

I don't know how , but somehow automatic power-off of usb devices got accidentally enabled. Now my usb mouse goes off even if it's idle for 2-3 seconds. It's really irritating.

This happened after I installed powertop and powernap. Maybe it has something to do with these two applications.

How can I disable this "feature"?

It's PowerNap that's doing this.

You can disable just this part of PowerNap's power savings scripts with:

sudo powernap-action --disable usb_autosuspend

installation - I couldn't install Ubuntu with "Something Else" option

The option Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7 is not listed (I have 15GB free space in c drive).

In the "Something Else" option there are 4 drives listed:

• 1MB drive for windows loader



• 100MB drive (Windows)


• 30GB- c drive


• 45GB- else partitions.

Since there are 4 partitions, I cannot install Ubuntu (I cannot delete that 45GB since there are a lot of files in it).

If I shrink the C drive to install Ubuntu, even then I cannot make a partition for Ubuntu since there are 4 partitions.

If I remove that 1MB drive (which shows "Windows loader" next to it) and from the unallocated space I create 2 partitions (swap and ext4) and install Ubuntu, will this idea work??

Please help me to install Ubuntu.

--

14.04 - Do I need to install Security updates for Ubuntu base?

I installed Lubuntu 14.04 LTS from a disc and have added updates.System info shows 14.04.2 LTS. Software updater >security updates offers Ubuntu base 103MB. Do I need to install this?

Not installing security updates creates a situation in which hackers can use your machine to tamper with your data and use your machine to attack others.

For example, an operating system that is using OpenSSL that has not been updated can be tampered with and cause your data to be leaked.

ati - What graphic drivers i need to install so my both graphic cards could run?

im new ubuntu user so i dont know much about it, i searched all over internet how and what drivers to install so my dual gpu lapotop could run both of them. I tried most of the methods still no luck. Is amd crossfire really working on ubuntu 14.04 LTS ? I tried so many times that i have no other ideas what to do, so im asking help here :D

Here is what cards i have in my laptop:
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] BeaverCreek [Radeon HD 6520G]
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Thames [Radeon HD 7500M/7600M Series]

If needed any other info, to help me, just ask :D t.y

boot - How to install Ubuntu on separate Windows partition?

I have two separate hard drives: C:\ with Windows 10 and D:\ with data. Now I want to make two partitions on D drive. One with 80GB for Ubuntu installation and other one with all data I have right now. I don't want to have dual boot screen at startup instead I want to optionally choose from which drive to boot. (By optional I mean pressing something like F10 button to choose drive without using grub.)

How can I perform such installation? Should I partition D drive in Windows and later install Ubuntu on that partition?

Most importantly I don't want to loose my data on D drive.

Output from sudo parted -l

Model: ATA HGST HTS541010A9 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB


Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  106MB   105MB   primary  ntfs         boot
 2      106MB   1000GB  1000GB  primary  ntfs


Model: ATA PLEXTOR PX-128M5 (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 128GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  128GB  128GB  primary  ntfs

sdb is my C drive and sda is my D drive.

Easy:

1. Install Ubuntu according to the standard instructions


2. When you come to item number 8, take advanced partitioning and set the grub boot drive to SDB in MBR mode


3. continue a normal installation

Now, when you want to boot into Ubuntu, set the boot drive to /dev/sdb (probably PLEXTOR in your BIOS) and boot off there!

Cannot install virtualbox 5.1 on Ubuntu 17.04

I have downloaded virtualbox 5.1 from the virtualbox website but I can't install it. When I open the .deb file with ubuntu software and I click on Install, it doesn't do nothing. I also tried from the command line, but it says that there's an error on the dependencies. I also tried by adding the repository and then download the package, but it says that it's not available.

Help me, please!

Thanks.

unity - Can I run Ubuntu Live from a USB flash-drive without destroying the data on it?

I already have a number of files on a flash drive (8 gb) that I would prefer to keep, but I would like to try Ubuntu even if merely for the aesthetics. I use Windows XP. I know that it's definitely possible to run Ubuntu from a bootable drive like my flash drive to try Ubuntu but I would much rather keep my files intact not only on my flash drive but also my hard drive, if that's possible. I also want to know if it's entirely possible that while running Ubuntu from the USB if I can switch back to Windows while my computer is still on. If I'm missing something, please let me know. I'm very grateful for any assistance in this matter.

boot - Change Live-CD Plymouth Theme

I have tried editing adding a new plymouth to /usr/share/plymouth/themes, and using update-alternatives followed by update-initramfs.

I have tried editing the original ubuntu-logo and ubuntu-text plymouth themes. Nothing happens.

I have tried extracting initrd.lz, adding the plymouth theme AND editing the original ubuntu themes. Nothing. (I cannot use update-alternatives for the new initrd.lz, because it says /bin/bash does not exist when I try to chroot it).

Does anyone out there have a solution? Thank you so much in advance.

boot - What does it mean to install loader to sdaX?

During linux installation all of us are asked to install bootloader somewhere. For example we have following partitions:

sda
 sda1
 sda2
 sda5

First sector (512 bytes) is MBR with 446 bytes for boot loader. Second sector belongs to sda1 (first partition). BIOS loads bootloader located in MBR.

So if we install loader to sda the logic is simple: those 446 bytes is our loader (or part of loader which loads full loader from another place) and this loader offers us to load desirable OS.

But what does it mean to install loader to sdaX?

1. The loader in MBR won't be updated (First 446 bytes of sda won't be touched)


2. Only part of loader would be installed to MBR (the parts which loads loader from sdaX MBR)

First, your question is about BIOS-mode booting. This is on the way out. It's still relevant for many computers, but we're in a transitional period during which it's imperative that one not make assumptions about the boot mode. The up-and-coming boot method uses the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) or its version-2.x variant, Unified EFI (UEFI).

Second, the BIOS boot loader should really limit itself to the first 440 bytes of the MBR, not the first 446 bytes. Those extra six bytes are used as a serial number for the disk. Although I've heard some BIOS-mode boot loaders spread into that area, doing so is a bit dangerous, and you shouldn't try overwriting that area yourself (say, with dd to erase an unwanted boot loader), since some tools may rely on the serial number remaining unchanged.

Third, /dev/sda1 does not normally begin on the second sector of the disk (although it could). Most partitioning tools today assign sector 2048 as the first sector of the first partition (which might or might not be /dev/sda1). In the past, sector 63 was used for this purpose, but the standard has shifted to 2048 because of changes in hard disk technology. The space between the MBR and the first sector allocated to a partition is officially unallocated/unused, but in reality it may be used....

Finally, when you install GRUB to the MBR (/dev/sda, /dev/sdb, or whatever), its code actually goes in several places, including the MBR, the officially-unallocated space between the MBR and the first allocated sector, and files in /boot/grub (assuming an Ubuntu installation). When you install GRUB to the Partition Boot Record (PBR) of a partition (/dev/sda1, /dev/sdb3, or whatever), some of those locations change, and GRUB must then be launched by another boot loader that resides in the MBR. In the past, this type of configuration was common so as to leave the DOS/Windows boot loader in the MBR and manage the earliest stages of the boot process in the traditional DOS manner of setting a "boot flag" on the partition you want to boot. GRUB 2, however, prefers being installed to the MBR, so this is the most common way to do it today (on BIOS-based computers).

As noted earlier, none of this applies to EFI-mode booting, which is the more common way of booting newer computers. (Since Windows 8, most new computers have shipped configured to boot in EFI mode.) With EFI, boot loaders are ordinary files on the EFI System Partition (ESP). Boot code does not go in the MBR, in the PBR, or in unallocated space before your partitions. Information on what file to use as a boot loader goes in the computer's NVRAM, which can be manipulated (in Linux) with the efibootmgr utility.

graphics - AMD catalyst driver 12.1 Kubuntu 12.10 (64 bit)

I have an ASUS N56DP laptop and I have Kubutu 12.10 working on it with the default graphics drivers. The system hangs if I use any of the additional drivers suggested by jockey-kde. I am thinking about installing the AMD catalyst 12.10 to get better graphics performance.
The graphics card on my system is RADEON HD 7730 M.

Has anyone tried this out and want to share their experience?
Thanks,

How can I remove Gnome Desktop Environment without messing Unity DE? (Ubuntu 16.04)

I need to get rid of the GNOME Desktop Environment which has been installed by default when I updated my pc from 15.10 to 16.04.

After a while, I found myself not only with GNOME DE, but also with Cinnamon alongside (in the login screen, I could choose at least five or six DE!)

Now I am using Unity, and I'm happy with that, and I successfully uninstalled Cinnamon, but now I'm afraid that after uninstalling GNOME I will mess up the Unity DE, since I see many packages running in unity with the packagename starting with gnome-... Would someone mind to help me? Thx in advance

installation - 12.10 Desktop install stuck on checksum function

Installing 12.10 Desktop i386 via USB and not winning so far. Following http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/install-desktop-latest and it gets to step 9 displaying the screen "Learn more about Ubuntu while the system install..." and then it changes to a black screen with a small spinning wheel and the following text on top:

[ 7.232452] xor: automatically using best checksumming function:

[ 7.272005] pIII_see : 1856.000 MB-sec

And then it just stays there. Its installing on a brand new 500GB HDD as the only system. I tried Windows XP before but it failed as it seemed like my XP CD was damaged. So I'm trying Ubuntu as advised by many but so far not getting anywhere.

Any help would be greatly appreciated.
This is my first attempt at Ubuntu or any Linux based OS.

thanks
Neville

Ok, so 12.10 is not for older machines. Read other posts where users complained about similar experiences. I even tried installing from CD instead of USB in case my USB was faulty, same results.

I eventually found an old 8.04 build lying around, popped that in and it installed like a dream. It is currently upgrading to 10.something and I'll see how far it goes.

Bottom line, if you're running an older machine with older hardware, perhaps stay clear of 12.10 for now.

ati - How to install Radeon Open Source Driver?

I have an MSI Radeon HD 7850 card. MSI provide no Linux support, and the AMD driver gives me an Unsupported Hardware watermark that does not show up in screenshots.

I uninstalled the proprietary driver and found that Unity 3D no longer works, and I really only picked Ubuntu because of the excellent shortcuts provided in the recent versions.

Trying to locate the open source driver has been a pain for me. According to the documentation I have read it is pre-included in Ubuntu 12.04, yet there is no Unity 3D support. I tried using the newest drivers from AMD's website, but that also had the watermark.

Does anyone know how I can get the open source driver? If not, does anyone know how to remove the watermark. I'm on the verge of going back to Windows.

Removing the watermark is very simple with a bit of cut and paste, then a command:

How to remove the “AMD Testing use only” watermark?

If you did want to use the open source drivers (which are not as feature complete) you just need to remove the fglrx driver:

sudo apt-get remove fglrx*

then ensure the open source one is installed. It should then be picked up:

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati

The problem with the HD 7000 series is that support for it in the open source driver only arrived around Christmas, so unless you are running the xorg-edgers PPA you would be better off with just removing the watermark for now.

system installation - Ubuntu freezes after login(tried methods suggested)

I tried to dual-boot Ubuntu with Windows 10. The installation went well. After restarting my PC, Ubuntu just freezes after I log in.

I've tried methods suggested by others including spamming Shift/Esc to try to get into recovery mode but I get this:

GNU GRUB Version 2.02~ beta 2-9 Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists possible device or file completions.
grub>_

The screen is frozen like this:

Ubutnu 18.04 - after upgrade - Display/PKCS#7 signature error

After upgrading from 17.10 to 18.04, anytime I try and open ubuntu I am getting the following errors (which are found in my kern.log as well)

Sep 28 15:06:12 aram-UX330UAK kernel: [   15.056052] PKCS#7 signature not signed with a trusted key
----
Sep 28 15:06:12 aram-UX330UAK kernel: [   15.083938] PKCS#7 signature not signed with a trusted key
----
Sep 28 15:06:12 aram-UX330UAK kernel: [   15.087645] PKCS#7 signature not signed with a trusted key
----
Sep 28 15:06:12 aram-UX330UAK kernel: [   15.093293] PKCS#7 signature not signed with a trusted key

In particular, PKCS#7 that seems to be a common problem and not allowing me to display anything. I don't normally use the standard ubuntu desktop (I use xmonad) but I don't even have access to the login screen (which I assume uses the standard ubuntu desktop)

I tried a few of the previous things that I saw:

Ubuntu 18.04 Boot hangs at PKCS#7 signature not signed with a trusted key

After upgrade ubuntu 18.04 changed from GUI to Terminal

But problems that I noticed: I don't have nvidia, so I don't know if this is a graphics problem:

$ lspci -v | grep VGA -A 1
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 620 (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
    Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. HD Graphics 620

Also double checked and everything seems to be installed. I tried doing an update/upgrade and nothing new happened. I tried reinstalling ubuntu-desktop to no avail.

I do have windows dual-booted, but I have secure boot disabled (I double and triple checked the bios) so I don't think that's an issue either.

It does give me access to a terminal afterward though and after I log in I noticed the following error:

Failed to connect to X Server.
Cannot open display 'default display'

So it seems like a display issue, but no idea how to procede. I tried reinstalling xmonad to no avail.

Anyone have any ideas how to fix this or what needs to be done so that I get access to things?

--- EDIT ---

Here's my Xorg log as asked for:

[ 12435.612]
X.Org X Server 1.19.6
Release Date: 2017-12-20
[ 12435.612] X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
[ 12435.612] Build Operating System: Linux 4.4.0-119-generic x86_64 Ubuntu
[ 12435.612] Current Operating System: Linux aram-UX330UAK 4.13.0-46-generic #51-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jun 12 12:36:29 UTC 2018 x86_64
[ 12435.612] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.13.0-46-generic.efi.signed root=UUID=6919df57-2080-4508-82b7-0ccb1e067b6a ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
[ 12435.613] Build Date: 13 April 2018  08:07:36PM
[ 12435.613] xorg-server 2:1.19.6-1ubuntu4 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support)
[ 12435.613] Current version of pixman: 0.34.0
[ 12435.613]    Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
    to make sure that you have the latest version.
[ 12435.613] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
    (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
    (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[ 12435.613] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Fri Sep 28 14:44:15 2018
[ 12435.613] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[ 12435.614] (==) No Layout section.  Using the first Screen section.
[ 12435.614] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.
[ 12435.614] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0)
[ 12435.614] (**) |   |-->Monitor ""
[ 12435.614] (==) No device specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
    Using the first device section listed.
[ 12435.614] (**) |   |-->Device "card0"
[ 12435.614] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
    Using a default monitor configuration.
[ 12435.614] (==) Automatically adding devices
[ 12435.614] (==) Automatically enabling devices
[ 12435.614] (==) Automatically adding GPU devices
[ 12435.614] (==) Automatically binding GPU devices
[ 12435.614] (==) Max clients allowed: 256, resource mask: 0x1fffff
[ 12435.614] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist.
[ 12435.614]    Entry deleted from font path.
[ 12435.615] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/" does not exist.
[ 12435.615]    Entry deleted from font path.
[ 12435.615] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/" does not exist.
[ 12435.615]    Entry deleted from font path.
[ 12435.615] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi" does not exist.
[ 12435.615]    Entry deleted from font path.
[ 12435.615] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi" does not exist.
[ 12435.615]    Entry deleted from font path.
[ 12435.615] (==) FontPath set to:
    /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,
    /usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,
    built-ins
[ 12435.615] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[ 12435.615] (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices.
    If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices.
[ 12435.615] (II) Loader magic: 0x556a504d8020
[ 12435.615] (II) Module ABI versions:
[ 12435.615]    X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
[ 12435.615]    X.Org Video Driver: 23.0
[ 12435.615]    X.Org XInput driver : 24.1
[ 12435.615]    X.Org Server Extension : 10.0
[ 12435.616] (++) using VT number 7
[ 12435.616] (II) systemd-logind: logind integration requires -keeptty and -keeptty was not provided, disabling logind integration
[ 12435.617] (II) xfree86: Adding drm device (/dev/dri/card0)
[ 12435.626] (--) PCI:*(0:0:2:0) 8086:5916:1043:1520 rev 2, Mem @ 0xee000000/16777216, 0xd0000000/268435456, I/O @ 0x0000f000/64, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072
[ 12435.626] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[ 12435.627] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
[ 12435.628] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 12435.628]    compiled for 1.19.6, module version = 1.0.0
[ 12435.628]    ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 10.0
[ 12435.628] (II) LoadModule: "intel"
[ 12435.629] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so
[ 12435.629] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 12435.629]    compiled for 1.19.5, module version = 2.99.917
[ 12435.629]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 12435.629]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 23.0
[ 12435.629] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Integrated Graphics Chipsets:
    i810, i810-dc100, i810e, i815, i830M, 845G, 854, 852GM/855GM, 865G,
    915G, E7221 (i915), 915GM, 945G, 945GM, 945GME, Pineview GM,
    Pineview G, 965G, G35, 965Q, 946GZ, 965GM, 965GME/GLE, G33, Q35, Q33,
    GM45, 4 Series, G45/G43, Q45/Q43, G41, B43
[ 12435.630] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) HD Graphics
[ 12435.630] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Graphics
[ 12435.630] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Pro Graphics
[ 12435.630] (II) intel(0): Using Kernel Mode Setting driver: i915, version 1.6.0 20170619
[ 12435.630] (II) intel(0): SNA compiled: xserver-xorg-video-intel 2:2.99.917+git20171229-1 (Timo Aaltonen )
[ 12435.630] (II) intel(0): SNA compiled for use with valgrind
[ 12435.649] (--) intel(0): Integrated Graphics Chipset: Intel(R) HD Graphics 620
[ 12435.649] (--) intel(0): CPU: x86-64, sse2, sse3, ssse3, sse4.1, sse4.2, avx, avx2; using a maximum of 2 threads
[ 12435.649] (II) intel(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section
    "Default Screen Section" for depth/fbbpp 24/32
[ 12435.649] (==) intel(0): Depth 24, (--) framebuffer bpp 32
[ 12435.649] (==) intel(0): RGB weight 888
[ 12435.649] (==) intel(0): Default visual is TrueColor
[ 12435.649] (**) intel(0): Option "Backlight" "intel_backlight"
[ 12435.650] (II) intel(0): Output eDP1 has no monitor section
[ 12435.650] (**) intel(0): Found backlight control interface intel_backlight (type 'raw') for output eDP1
[ 12435.650] (II) intel(0): Enabled output eDP1
[ 12435.650] (II) intel(0): Output HDMI1 has no monitor section
[ 12435.650] (II) intel(0): Enabled output HDMI1
[ 12435.650] (--) intel(0): Using a maximum size of 256x256 for hardware cursors
[ 12435.650] (II) intel(0): Output VIRTUAL1 has no monitor section
[ 12435.650] (II) intel(0): Enabled output VIRTUAL1
[ 12435.650] (--) intel(0): Output eDP1 using initial mode 1920x1080 on pipe 0
[ 12435.651] (==) intel(0): TearFree enabled
[ 12435.651] (==) intel(0): Using gamma correction (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
[ 12435.651] (==) intel(0): DPI set to (96, 96)
[ 12435.651] (II) Loading sub module "dri3"
[ 12435.651] (II) LoadModule: "dri3"
[ 12435.651] (II) Module "dri3" already built-in
[ 12435.651] (II) Loading sub module "dri2"
[ 12435.651] (II) LoadModule: "dri2"
[ 12435.651] (II) Module "dri2" already built-in
[ 12435.651] (II) Loading sub module "present"
[ 12435.651] (II) LoadModule: "present"
[ 12435.651] (II) Module "present" already built-in
[ 12435.651] (==) Depth 24 pixmap format is 32 bpp
[ 12435.651] (II) intel(0): SNA initialized with Kabylake (gen9) backend
[ 12435.651] (==) intel(0): Backing store enabled
[ 12435.651] (==) intel(0): Silken mouse enabled
[ 12435.651] (II) intel(0): HW Cursor enabled
[ 12435.651] (II) intel(0): RandR 1.2 enabled, ignore the following RandR disabled message.
[ 12435.652] (==) intel(0): DPMS enabled
[ 12435.652] (==) intel(0): Display hotplug detection enabled
[ 12435.652] (II) intel(0): [DRI2] Setup complete
[ 12435.652] (II) intel(0): [DRI2]   DRI driver: i965
[ 12435.652] (II) intel(0): [DRI2]   VDPAU driver: va_gl
[ 12435.652] (II) intel(0): direct rendering: DRI2 enabled
[ 12435.652] (II) intel(0): hardware support for Present enabled
[ 12435.652] (--) RandR disabled
[ 12435.657] (II) SELinux: Disabled on system
[ 12435.674] (II) AIGLX: enabled GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer
[ 12435.674] (II) AIGLX: enabled GLX_ARB_create_context
[ 12435.674] (II) AIGLX: enabled GLX_ARB_create_context_profile
[ 12435.674] (II) AIGLX: enabled GLX_EXT_create_context_es{,2}_profile
[ 12435.674] (II) AIGLX: enabled GLX_INTEL_swap_event
[ 12435.674] (II) AIGLX: enabled GLX_SGI_swap_control
[ 12435.674] (II) AIGLX: enabled GLX_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB
[ 12435.674] (II) AIGLX: enabled GLX_ARB_fbconfig_float
[ 12435.674] (II) AIGLX: enabled GLX_EXT_fbconfig_packed_float
[ 12435.674] (II) AIGLX: GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap backed by buffer objects
[ 12435.674] (II) AIGLX: enabled GLX_ARB_create_context_robustness
[ 12435.675] (II) AIGLX: Loaded and initialized i965
[ 12435.675] (II) GLX: Initialized DRI2 GL provider for screen 0
[ 12435.679] (II) intel(0): switch to mode 1920x1080@60.0 on eDP1 using pipe 0, position (0, 0), rotation normal, reflection none
[ 12435.689] (II) intel(0): Setting screen physical size to 508 x 285
[ 12435.728] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Power Button (/dev/input/event3)
[ 12435.728] (**) Power Button: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[ 12435.728] (II) LoadModule: "libinput"
[ 12435.729] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/libinput_drv.so
[ 12435.731] (II) Module libinput: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 12435.731]    compiled for 1.19.6, module version = 0.27.1
[ 12435.731]    Module class: X.Org XInput Driver
[ 12435.731]    ABI class: X.Org XInput driver, version 24.1
[ 12435.731] (II) Using input driver 'libinput' for 'Power Button'
[ 12435.731] (**) Power Button: always reports core events
[ 12435.731] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event3"
[ 12435.732] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[ 12435.732] (II) event3  - Power Button: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12435.732] (II) event3  - Power Button: device is a keyboard
[ 12435.732] (II) event3  - Power Button: device removed
[ 12435.752] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input3/event3"
[ 12435.752] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Power Button" (type: KEYBOARD, id 6)
[ 12435.752] (**) Option "xkb_model" "asus_laptop"
[ 12435.752] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"
[ 12435.752] (**) Option "xkb_options" "lv3:menu_switch,compose:rctrl"
[ 12435.769] (II) event3  - Power Button: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12435.769] (II) event3  - Power Button: device is a keyboard
[ 12435.769] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Asus Wireless Radio Control (/dev/input/event6)
[ 12435.769] (**) Asus Wireless Radio Control: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[ 12435.769] (II) Using input driver 'libinput' for 'Asus Wireless Radio Control'
[ 12435.770] (**) Asus Wireless Radio Control: always reports core events
[ 12435.770] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event6"
[ 12435.770] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[ 12435.770] (II) event6  - Asus Wireless Radio Control: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12435.770] (II) event6  - Asus Wireless Radio Control: device is a keyboard
[ 12435.770] (II) event6  - Asus Wireless Radio Control: device removed
[ 12435.824] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/ATK4002:00/input/input6/event6"
[ 12435.824] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Asus Wireless Radio Control" (type: KEYBOARD, id 7)
[ 12435.824] (**) Option "xkb_model" "asus_laptop"
[ 12435.824] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"
[ 12435.824] (**) Option "xkb_options" "lv3:menu_switch,compose:rctrl"
[ 12435.824] (II) event6  - Asus Wireless Radio Control: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12435.824] (II) event6  - Asus Wireless Radio Control: device is a keyboard
[ 12435.824] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Video Bus (/dev/input/event5)
[ 12435.825] (**) Video Bus: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[ 12435.825] (II) Using input driver 'libinput' for 'Video Bus'
[ 12435.825] (**) Video Bus: always reports core events
[ 12435.825] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event5"
[ 12435.825] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[ 12435.825] (II) event5  - Video Bus: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12435.825] (II) event5  - Video Bus: device is a keyboard
[ 12435.825] (II) event5  - Video Bus: device removed
[ 12435.876] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/LNXVIDEO:00/input/input5/event5"
[ 12435.876] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Video Bus" (type: KEYBOARD, id 8)
[ 12435.876] (**) Option "xkb_model" "asus_laptop"
[ 12435.876] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"
[ 12435.876] (**) Option "xkb_options" "lv3:menu_switch,compose:rctrl"
[ 12435.878] (II) event5  - Video Bus: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12435.878] (II) event5  - Video Bus: device is a keyboard
[ 12435.879] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Lid Switch (/dev/input/event0)
[ 12435.879] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[ 12435.879] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[ 12435.881] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Power Button (/dev/input/event2)
[ 12435.881] (**) Power Button: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[ 12435.881] (II) Using input driver 'libinput' for 'Power Button'
[ 12435.882] (**) Power Button: always reports core events
[ 12435.882] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event2"
[ 12435.882] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[ 12435.883] (II) event2  - Power Button: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12435.883] (II) event2  - Power Button: device is a keyboard
[ 12435.883] (II) event2  - Power Button: device removed
[ 12435.916] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0C:00/input/input2/event2"
[ 12435.916] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Power Button" (type: KEYBOARD, id 9)
[ 12435.916] (**) Option "xkb_model" "asus_laptop"
[ 12435.916] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"
[ 12435.916] (**) Option "xkb_options" "lv3:menu_switch,compose:rctrl"
[ 12435.917] (II) event2  - Power Button: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12435.917] (II) event2  - Power Button: device is a keyboard
[ 12435.919] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Sleep Button (/dev/input/event1)
[ 12435.919] (**) Sleep Button: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[ 12435.919] (II) Using input driver 'libinput' for 'Sleep Button'
[ 12435.919] (**) Sleep Button: always reports core events
[ 12435.919] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event1"
[ 12435.919] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[ 12435.920] (II) event1  - Sleep Button: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12435.920] (II) event1  - Sleep Button: device is a keyboard
[ 12435.920] (II) event1  - Sleep Button: device removed
[ 12435.972] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0E:00/input/input1/event1"
[ 12435.972] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Sleep Button" (type: KEYBOARD, id 10)
[ 12435.972] (**) Option "xkb_model" "asus_laptop"
[ 12435.972] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"
[ 12435.972] (**) Option "xkb_options" "lv3:menu_switch,compose:rctrl"
[ 12435.973] (II) event1  - Sleep Button: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12435.973] (II) event1  - Sleep Button: device is a keyboard
[ 12435.975] (II) config/udev: Adding input device USB2.0 HD UVC WebCam: USB2.0 HD (/dev/input/event15)
[ 12435.975] (**) USB2.0 HD UVC WebCam: USB2.0 HD: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[ 12435.975] (II) Using input driver 'libinput' for 'USB2.0 HD UVC WebCam: USB2.0 HD'
[ 12435.975] (**) USB2.0 HD UVC WebCam: USB2.0 HD: always reports core events
[ 12435.975] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event15"
[ 12435.975] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[ 12435.976] (II) event15 - USB2.0 HD UVC WebCam: USB2.0 HD: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12435.976] (II) event15 - USB2.0 HD UVC WebCam: USB2.0 HD: device is a keyboard
[ 12435.976] (II) event15 - USB2.0 HD UVC WebCam: USB2.0 HD: device removed
[ 12436.024] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-5/1-5:1.0/input/input16/event15"
[ 12436.024] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "USB2.0 HD UVC WebCam: USB2.0 HD" (type: KEYBOARD, id 11)
[ 12436.024] (**) Option "xkb_model" "asus_laptop"
[ 12436.024] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"
[ 12436.024] (**) Option "xkb_options" "lv3:menu_switch,compose:rctrl"
[ 12436.025] (II) event15 - USB2.0 HD UVC WebCam: USB2.0 HD: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12436.025] (II) event15 - USB2.0 HD UVC WebCam: USB2.0 HD: device is a keyboard
[ 12436.027] (II) config/udev: Adding input device ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad (/dev/input/event8)
[ 12436.027] (**) ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: Applying InputClass "libinput touchpad catchall"
[ 12436.027] (**) ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: Applying InputClass "touchpad catchall"
[ 12436.027] (**) ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: Applying InputClass "Default clickpad buttons"
[ 12436.027] (II) LoadModule: "synaptics"
[ 12436.027] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/synaptics_drv.so
[ 12436.027] (II) Module synaptics: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 12436.027]    compiled for 1.19.3, module version = 1.9.0
[ 12436.027]    Module class: X.Org XInput Driver
[ 12436.027]    ABI class: X.Org XInput driver, version 24.1
[ 12436.027] (II) Using input driver 'synaptics' for 'ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad'
[ 12436.027] (**) ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: always reports core events
[ 12436.027] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event8"
[ 12436.065] (II) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: found clickpad property
[ 12436.065] (--) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: x-axis range 0 - 3208 (res 31)
[ 12436.065] (--) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: y-axis range 0 - 2206 (res 32)
[ 12436.065] (II) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: device does not report pressure, will use touch data.
[ 12436.065] (II) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: device does not report finger width.
[ 12436.065] (--) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: buttons: left double triple
[ 12436.065] (--) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: Vendor 0x4f3 Product 0x3028
[ 12436.065] (--) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: invalid pressure range.  defaulting to 0 - 255
[ 12436.065] (--) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: invalid finger width range.  defaulting to 0 - 15
[ 12436.065] (**) Option "SoftButtonAreas" "50% 0 82% 0 0 0 0 0"
[ 12436.065] (--) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: touchpad found
[ 12436.065] (**) ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: always reports core events
[ 12436.096] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.1/i2c_designware.1/i2c-5/i2c-ELAN1300:00/0018:04F3:3028.0001/input/input9/event8"
[ 12436.096] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad" (type: TOUCHPAD, id 12)
[ 12436.096] (**) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: (accel) MinSpeed is now constant deceleration 2.5
[ 12436.096] (**) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: (accel) MaxSpeed is now 1.75
[ 12436.096] (**) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: (accel) AccelFactor is now 0.051
[ 12436.097] (**) ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: (accel) keeping acceleration scheme 1
[ 12436.097] (**) ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: (accel) acceleration profile 1
[ 12436.097] (**) ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: (accel) acceleration factor: 2.000
[ 12436.097] (**) ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: (accel) acceleration threshold: 4
[ 12436.097] (--) synaptics: ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: touchpad found
[ 12436.099] (II) config/udev: Adding input device ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad (/dev/input/mouse0)
[ 12436.099] (**) ELAN1300:00 04F3:3028 Touchpad: Ignoring device from InputClass "touchpad ignore duplicates"
[ 12436.099] (II) config/udev: Adding input device HDA Intel PCH Headphone (/dev/input/event9)
[ 12436.100] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[ 12436.100] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[ 12436.100] (II) config/udev: Adding input device HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=3 (/dev/input/event10)
[ 12436.100] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[ 12436.100] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[ 12436.101] (II) config/udev: Adding input device HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=7 (/dev/input/event11)
[ 12436.101] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[ 12436.101] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[ 12436.102] (II) config/udev: Adding input device HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=8 (/dev/input/event12)
[ 12436.102] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[ 12436.102] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[ 12436.102] (II) config/udev: Adding input device HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=9 (/dev/input/event13)
[ 12436.102] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[ 12436.102] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[ 12436.103] (II) config/udev: Adding input device HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=10 (/dev/input/event14)
[ 12436.103] (II) No input driver specified, ignoring this device.
[ 12436.103] (II) This device may have been added with another device file.
[ 12436.104] (II) config/udev: Adding input device Asus WMI hotkeys (/dev/input/event7)
[ 12436.104] (**) Asus WMI hotkeys: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[ 12436.104] (II) Using input driver 'libinput' for 'Asus WMI hotkeys'
[ 12436.104] (**) Asus WMI hotkeys: always reports core events
[ 12436.104] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event7"
[ 12436.104] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[ 12436.105] (II) event7  - Asus WMI hotkeys: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12436.105] (II) event7  - Asus WMI hotkeys: device is a keyboard
[ 12436.105] (II) event7  - Asus WMI hotkeys: device removed
[ 12436.148] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/platform/asus-nb-wmi/input/input7/event7"
[ 12436.148] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Asus WMI hotkeys" (type: KEYBOARD, id 13)
[ 12436.148] (**) Option "xkb_model" "asus_laptop"
[ 12436.148] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"
[ 12436.148] (**) Option "xkb_options" "lv3:menu_switch,compose:rctrl"
[ 12436.149] (II) event7  - Asus WMI hotkeys: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12436.149] (II) event7  - Asus WMI hotkeys: device is a keyboard
[ 12436.150] (II) config/udev: Adding input device AT Translated Set 2 keyboard (/dev/input/event4)
[ 12436.150] (**) AT Translated Set 2 keyboard: Applying InputClass "libinput keyboard catchall"
[ 12436.150] (II) Using input driver 'libinput' for 'AT Translated Set 2 keyboard'
[ 12436.150] (**) AT Translated Set 2 keyboard: always reports core events
[ 12436.150] (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/event4"
[ 12436.150] (**) Option "_source" "server/udev"
[ 12436.151] (II) event4  - AT Translated Set 2 keyboard: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12436.151] (II) event4  - AT Translated Set 2 keyboard: device is a keyboard
[ 12436.151] (II) event4  - AT Translated Set 2 keyboard: device removed
[ 12436.188] (**) Option "config_info" "udev:/sys/devices/platform/i8042/serio0/input/input4/event4"
[ 12436.188] (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "AT Translated Set 2 keyboard" (type: KEYBOARD, id 14)
[ 12436.188] (**) Option "xkb_model" "asus_laptop"
[ 12436.188] (**) Option "xkb_layout" "us"
[ 12436.188] (**) Option "xkb_options" "lv3:menu_switch,compose:rctrl"
[ 12436.189] (II) event4  - AT Translated Set 2 keyboard: is tagged by udev as: Keyboard
[ 12436.189] (II) event4  - AT Translated Set 2 keyboard: device is a keyboard
[ 12436.223] (II) event3  - Power Button: device removed
[ 12436.268] (II) event6  - Asus Wireless Radio Control: device removed
[ 12436.308] (II) event5  - Video Bus: device removed
[ 12436.348] (II) event2  - Power Button: device removed
[ 12436.388] (II) event1  - Sleep Button: device removed
[ 12436.436] (II) event15 - USB2.0 HD UVC WebCam: USB2.0 HD: device removed
[ 12436.516] (II) event7  - Asus WMI hotkeys: device removed
[ 12436.556] (II) event4  - AT Translated Set 2 keyboard: device removed
[ 12436.588] (II) AIGLX: Suspending AIGLX clients for VT switch
[ 12436.668] (II) UnloadModule: "libinput"
[ 12436.668] (II) UnloadModule: "libinput"
[ 12436.668] (II) UnloadModule: "synaptics"
[ 12436.668] (II) UnloadModule: "libinput"
[ 12436.668] (II) UnloadModule: "libinput"
[ 12436.668] (II) UnloadModule: "libinput"
[ 12436.668] (II) UnloadModule: "libinput"
[ 12436.668] (II) UnloadModule: "libinput"
[ 12436.669] (II) UnloadModule: "libinput"
[ 12436.673] (II) Server terminated successfully (0). Closing log file.

I ended up finding out it was because gdm3 was not loading. I followed this:
gdm3 doesn't start in ubuntu 18.04
And it ended up starting to work after two restarts.

Boot to safe mode to reset password not available

Ubuntu 11.10
Password to root was lost

Trying to reboot in safe mode to reset
Holding shift (left or right)
Esc
F1
None are effective during bootup.
No BIOS setting appear applicable.

All forums seem to indicate left shift should work. Any alternatives to boot into recovery/safe mode? Always more than one way to skin a cat on Linux...gotta love it. :)

failed upgrade from 14.04 to 16.04

I'm running Kubuntu 14.04 32bit. trying to upgrade I used kubuntu-devel-release-upgrade, it started work fine, but while it was downloading it was interrupted several times but starting from the cumulative percent of downloaded data, except for the last time that I left from one day to the next. Kubuntu seems to be updated and update-manager does not find any update. It is like if the system is running 16.04. What happened?

updates - How to fix missing GPG keys?

I have just installed Ubuntu 12.04 and I added some repo, and when I did apt-get update, I got missing gpg key.

Following command seems to doesn't work for me:

apt-get update 2> /tmp/keymissing; for key in $(grep "NO_PUBKEY" /tmp/keymissing |sed "s/.*NO_PUBKEY //"); do echo -e "\nProcessing key: $key"; gpg --keyserver subkeys.pgp.net --recv $key && sudo gpg --export --armor $key | apt-key add -; done

How to fix this problem?

dual boot - How to get grub to recognize second hard drive?

My computer has the following config:

Drive 0: SSD, windows OS

Drive 1: HDD, data storage, Ubuntu

Originally it only had windows. I partitioned off some of drive 1 and installed Ubuntu to it. However, when I boot the computer, it goes to a grub command line, because grub seems to be on drive 0, and it doesn't find drive 1. When I do "ls" in grub, it lists hd0 and the partitions on hd0, but not hd1. If I change the boot order to do windows first, it loads windows fine. If I tell UEFI to boot ubuntu directly by going into BIOS, ubuntu loads fine. But it goes back to the grub command line upon reboot.

How can I make grub find drive 1? Should I install grub on drive 1 instead? How do I do that, since I installed ubuntu on drive 1 but grub seems to be on drive 0?

Why is GNOME Software Center not included in Ubuntu GNOME (14.04/14.10)?

So I installed Ubuntu GNOME 14.04 (which included GNOME 3.10) and noticed that GNOME Software Center isn't included and isn't available through the repositories. Then I tried installing Ubuntu 14.10 (which included GNOME 3.12 stack) and, you guessed it, no GNOME Software center. Only the Ubuntu Software center.

Any idea why the devs didn't include it even as an option? Isn't Ubuntu GNOME meant to be a vanilla-GNOME-type-of-distro?

I would say it's because Ubuntu has it's own Software Center which is better then GNOME Software Center, in their opinion. Ubuntu GNOME FAQ says the following about it:

Why do you include Ubuntu Software Center instead of GNOME Software for installing software?

Ubuntu Software Center offers user ratings and reviews, screenshots, and better search. GNOME developers currently do not intend to support easy install of proprietary software like Steam or the Humble Indie Bundles.

Source: http://ubuntugnome.org/documentation/faq/

But I'm pretty sure there is a possibility to install it, even though I can't tell you how.

12.04 - How can I get rid of the 'wl_80211_attach Reg CFG80211 Phy' warning during boot?

When I switch on my laptop a message on a black screen appears :

[] INFO@wl_80211_attach Reg CFG80211 Phy.

It stays for only 1 sec , even if I try to type anything it will disappear after 1 sec and go to the login screen.

Is it something to do with wireless because my wi-fi network doesn’t show up in the list. After when I connect the Ethernet cable and refresh on my ISP website, does my wi-fi connection gets established.

lspci shows:

0c:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY [14e4:4315] (rev 01)

and rfkill list returns:

0: hci0: Bluetooth
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
1: phy0: Wireless LAN

    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
2: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no

Graphics issues after/while installing Ubuntu 16.04/16.10 with NVIDIA graphics

I installed or upgraded to Ubuntu 16.04, but I'm having some problems with my graphics card.

• The display is blank


• The display flickers


• Items on the screen do not display correctly


• Certain programs complain of graphics issues



• The computer boots to low-graphics mode




• Your specific issue may not be here, but try the solutions described in the answers anyway.

This question is very broad, but each one of these issues likely has one solution.

---

If you are experiencing a login loop, check the last part of my answer.

---

If you experience one of the listed issues and have your own solution (mine didn't work, or there's a faster way), feel free to post another POLITE answer, describing your problem and how you fixed it.

---

Those attempting to install Ubuntu, please refer to the section titled: If you are unable to enter a TTY or are trying to install Ubuntu.

Please be aware that this answer may become slightly outdated. I will do my best to update it regularly, but I can't guarantee anything. The driver version used below may not be the latest. Please check the Launchpad page to confirm.

Each of the issues described (and maybe even more) can be fixed by following the steps below.

---

If you're installing Ubuntu, follow section 3.

---

Press Ctrl+Alt+F1

If this brings you to a black screen with a login prompt, continue on. Otherwise, you will likely have to boot with a special kernel flag. Instructions are below.

---

1. Log into your account in the TTY.


2. Run sudo apt-get purge nvidia-*


3. Run sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa and then sudo apt-get update.


4. Run sudo apt-get install nvidia-driver-430.


5. Reboot and your graphics issue should be fixed.

---

1. Reboot into GRUB.


2. Highlight the Ubuntu option and press E.


3. Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the line beginning with linux.


4. Press F10 to boot.



5. Follow the instructions above.
   
   
   
   
   • (If installing Ubuntu, ignore this step, but follow the rest of the tutorial after the installation is finished.)
   
   

---

This solution should fix many problems described by users after an upgrade to 16.04. If a fresh install is affected, the solution is the same.

---

If you run into problems afterward, you should ask a different question. (Refer to this question so that we know it isn't a duplicate.) However, there are a few other small fixes you can try out before you do.

• Reinstall Xorg

  
  
  
  
  
  • Go back into the TTY and run sudo apt-get purge xorg-* xserver-xorg; sudo apt-get install xorg xserver-xorg; sudo dpkg-reconfigure xorg.
  
  
  



• Reinstall your desktop environment

  
  
  
  
  
  • If on Unity, run sudo apt-get purge ubuntu-desktop; sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop.
  
  
  • If on GNOME run sudo apt-get purge ubuntu-gnome-desktop gnome-desktop-environment; sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop.
  
  
  • If on MATE run sudo apt-get purge ubuntu-mate-desktop mate-desktop-environment; sudo apt-get install ubuntu-mate-desktop
  
  
  • Each Ubuntu DE has its own package name. If you have KDE or something else, the name should be similar to the ones above.
  
  


• Fresh reinstall
  
  
  
  
  
  • It's not the most inviting option, but sometimes it's the best thing to do in cases like this.
  
  

---

Please remember that there are a lot of things that can go wrong, and this is not a guaranteed fix for everything. Even if you are experiencing something listed in the question, the solution may not fully work for you.

This answer is merely for driver issues with 16.04 and nVIDIA. Your issue may go deeper than a bad driver.

---

• If you get to a working display, but run into a login loop (you login and get returned to the login screen), take a look here.

boot - Second USB monitor on laptop and PKCS#7 signature not signed with a trusted key

I am running Kubuntu 18.04 with an ASUS MB169B+ USB monitor. Every time I boot up with the monitor plugged in I get the "PKCS#7 signature not signed with a trusted key." message...sometimes it actually boots into Kubuntu but most of the time it just freezes there in the boot process and it can take like half an hour of me rebooting till it works.

I am using a laptop which has 2 graphics cards, an nVidia one and a intel one. I think that Kubuntu is using the nVidia one (I am using nvidia drivers and its working) but I think this might all work better if I make Kubuntu use the intel card? I'm just not sure how to go about switching?

I have seen the following: PKCS Signature error/warnings running dmesg on Ubuntu Mate 18.04 so please dont direct me there as it doesnt help / isnt the same issue...I just want to be able to boot into Kubuntu without having to sit at my computer for half an hour each time, rebooting till it works.

apt - What is the correct address for precise/12.04 restricted, multiverse and universe ppa?

I am running Ubuntu 12.04. When I run sudo apt-get update now I get the following errors at the end:

W: Failed to fetch http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/universe/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]

W: Failed to fetch http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/universe/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

I don't know how long this error has been occurring for, but those repositories seem like ones I want and need to have working, so I'd like to fix it. What is the correct address (or an alternate) address to use for these repositories?

Edit

The only entries in my sources.list file which have the host gb.archive.ubuntu.com (The precise-backports entries do not seem to be failing?):

deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

When I navigate to http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ubuntu/dists/ in my browser I can see the following folders:

• precise-backports


• precise-proposed


• precise-security


• precise-updates



• precise
  -- main
  -- multiverse
  -- restricted
  -- universe

This makes me think the paths changed and so the entries in my sources.list are badly formatted now, I'm not sure how to change them to be correct though.

Edit 2

The question marked as a duplicate explains how to remove 404'ing repositories, but *this question explicitly asks what the correct address for precise/12.04 restricted, multiverse and universe ppa is or how to get it. I am not clear how either is a duplicate of the other.

The bare minimum in sources.list is:

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

Edit sources.list using:

sudo -H gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Then run:

sudo apt-get update

You can find more alternative using Ubuntu Source List Generator here

12.04 - Error: When I try to install any package

I am using Ubuntu 12.10. I am in great trouble when I tried to install firefox browser. However firefox installation is broken on my system. After this when I go to UBUNTU SOFTWARE CENTER it showing me this message every time and fail to install any other package.

UBUNTU SOFTWARE CENTER :

Item cannot be installed or removed until the package catalog is repaired.

When I try to install anything from terminal I always get this below message:

Error1 :

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
firefox-globalmenu : Depends: firefox (= 19.0~b5+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1~mfn1)

Please tell how I can repair it. Looking for your guidance.

==========================================================================

        yes I just seen it and tried this  command: apt-get -f install

E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?

            PLEASE SEE FROM HERE WHAT MESSAGE I HAVE :
            deepak@deepak-laptop:/$ sudo apt-get -f install
            Reading package lists... Done
            Building dependency tree       
             Reading state information... Done
             Correcting dependencies... Done

            The following extra packages will be installed:
             firefox firefox-globalmenu
             Suggested packages:
             latex-xft-fonts firefox-gnome-support
           The following NEW packages will be installed:
            firefox
           The following packages will be upgraded:
           firefox-globa lmenu
          1 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 220 not upgraded.
           1 not fully installed or removed.

          Need to get 0 B/24.8 MB of archives.
         After this operation, 51.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
         Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
         (Reading database ... 354341 files and directories currently installed.)
         Unpacking firefox (from  .../firefox_19.0~b6+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1~mfn1_i386.deb) ...
             dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives /firefox_19.0~b6+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1~mfn1_i386.deb (--unpack):
             trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/firefox/plugins', which is also in package acroread 9.5.1-1precise1
            No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                          Processing triggers for man-db ...
                    Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ...

                   Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ...
                 Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index...
            Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
            Errors were encountered while processing:
                 /var/cache/apt/archives  /firefox_19.0~b6+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1~mfn1_i386.deb
                E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

==========================================================================

Thanks

Try running sudo apt-get install -f in the terminal. This attempts to correct a system with broken dependencies in place.