grub2 - Can't boot to Windows anymore after removing Grub on a Netbook

Today I decided to try out Fedora by booting it from USB. I liked the OS, and decided I wanted to install it to my hard-drive. I couldn't complete the installation because I needed to free up a partition.

I booted back into Windows to view my Disk Management and free up a partition. I decided to re-format a partition that had a linux OS in it that I no longer used. I used to boot into this OS using Grub.

However, when I reformatted the disk, it seems to have deleted most of the grub files, but when I power up my laptop, I'm getting an "Error 15" message which I think is because Grub cannot find the OS files to boot because I deleted them.

My problem now is that I can't boot back into Windows, I can only boot from USB ( I have no CD drive as I'm using a netbook ).

I read online that to remove the Grub bootloader I must boot into Windows and run a few commands in recovery mode to reset the bootloader. Since I can't boot into Windows, and have no CD drive, this option doesn't seem like it's going to work.

Any advice for me? I'm quite new to Linux, and currently my Netbook can only boot from USB and Windows ( 7 by the way ) is currently inaccessible.

I'm sorry if this isn't the right place to post this, but I'm really quite stuck!

Any suggestions are appreciated, I've been Googling for hours now!

Thanks

EDIT:
To sum the question up:
Is there a way to remove the Grub bootloader without entering Windows? For example can I boot something from USB and remove it from there?

installation - Graphics issue after upgrading from 11.10 to 12.04

This is a weird one, I think.

The hardware: Fujitsu Siemens Amilo 3530, 4GB RAM, 2x500GB HDD, ATI Radeon 3650

So, I upgraded from 11.10 to 12.04 from the Update Mangler. Everything went swimmingly and it took about 90 mins to install. Then, following reboot, it tells me that it can't determine my graphics settings and is running in low res mode. Then it gives me 4 options:

run in low graphics mode for one session
reconfigure graphics
troubleshoot the error
exit to console login.

Whichever I choose it just shows me the terminal and asks for login, which i do, then it just leaves a blinking cursor. I have no idea what the hell it is expecting me to do.

What am I supposed to do? 11.10 installed and just worked, which made me quite happy about my decision to ditch Windows. However, now, I find I have a laptop that I cannot use at all and Ubuntu is giving me no pointers at all. Not a happy bunny. If anyone can help me, I would really appreciate it as I need my laptop back asap and don't want to have to go an buy a copy of Windows!

xorg - Unity does not start despite having worked for several months

My computer has been able to run Unity with no problems since I installed 11.04 a few months ago. The unity_support_test script have previously always given a firm yes to the question if Unity is supported. My graphics card is a NVIDIA GeForce GT 330M and I have installed the proprietary driver version 270.41.06.

However, Unity did not start today when I started my computer and logged in, instead I got the "Ubuntu classic" interface. I have restarted a few times and been extra careful to choose "Ubuntu" as session and not "Ubuntu classic" or any other non-Unity alternative, but the result is the same every time, Ubuntu classic and no Unity.

There were some updates yesterday, but I did not recognize anything interface related.

I have read some other questions and answers here, but I did not find anything useful. The only recommendation that I have followed was to install the CompizConfig Settings Manager and to check if the Ubuntu Unity Plugin was activated, but the plugin was already active as it should be.

As a final check before posting this question, I runned the unity_support_test script and to my surprise the answer was not "yes" but instead the following:

mghg@vaio-ubuntu:~$ /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p
X Error of failed request:  BadWindow (invalid Window parameter)
  Major opcode of failed request:  138 (NV-GLX)
  Minor opcode of failed request:  4 ()

  Resource id in failed request:  0x1ff
  Serial number of failed request:  31
  Current serial number in output stream:  31

Please help me get back to Unity!

Reinstalling the drivers fixs the issue.

unity - Ubuntu 16.04 + Nvidia Driver = Blank screen

ORIGINAL QUESTION UPDATE 1:

Including Additional Drivers screenshot. I have tried installing both 361.42 and 340.96 and both times, I get a blank screen after restarting.

---

ORIGINAL QUESTION:

When I install the nvidia driver for ubuntu and then restart, I get a blank screen. I have no tried 2 of the nvidia drivers and both times I get a blank screen.

How do I install the nvidia drivers and not get a blank screen?

Did a google search and it seems I'm the first to encounter this issue since 16.04 has been released:

https://www.google.co.uk/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=6tUZV-rEEuTR8geL_5PABA&gws_rd=ssl#q=ubuntu+16.04+nvidia+blank&tbs=qdr:d

Where/When do you get the blank screen? Is it when the grub menu should appear upon boot, or when the Ubuntu Unity login screen should appear? If it's the latter, try the following:

1. Add nomodeset on your Ubuntu grub entry. Highlight the entry you use to boot, press e, then add replace

   
   
   

   ...ro quiet splash ...

   
   
   
   

   with

   
   
   

   ...ro nomodeset quiet splash ...

If that boots to the login screen correctly, press Ctrl + Alt + F2, login, then run sudo prime-select intel. Then reboot and see if that fixes it.

Also, how are you installing NVidia drivers? DOuble-check at nvidia.com if you're using the correct ones.

drivers - Trouble to install graphic card (NVIDIA GT630) on ubuntu

I tried by many ways to get my graphic card installed to get the correct resolution to my two screens.
I tried on ubuntu 16.10 but currently am on 14.04

One is 1920x1080 and the other is 1680x1050

My graphics card is a NVIDIA GT 630.

What I did most recently is:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-367

(I searched and found the right number on NVIDIA website)

sudo reboot

I checked that I used the correct driver :

But I cannot see the correct resolutions for both my screens in X Server :

The max resolution I got for each screen is 1360*768 !

Here is a screen of the xrandr --query command :

(I also tried to download the .run from nvidia server and install it via Ctrl + Alt + f1 mode but it was unsuccessful to !
I did not succeed either by adding a new resoltuion by hand (with xrandr --addmode methods))

Here is the output of the lspci -v command to show my graphic card :

For those looking for the answer, I finally made it work !

Besides installing nvidia-367, I switched cables between my two screens :

I used the VGA for my Samsung SyncMaster S22B150 and it solved the problem for this one.

I put my ACER AL2216W on the DVI and it still wasn't working for it.

I added the following to my /etc/X11/xorg.conf file :

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier "Monitor0"
    VendorName "ACER"
    ModelName "AL2216W"
    HorizSync 31 - 80
    VertRefresh 56 - 75
EndSection
Section "Screen"
    Identifier "Screen0"
    Device "Device0"
    Monitor "Monitor0"
    DefaultDepth 24
    SubSection "Display"
        Depth 24
        Modes "1680x1050"
    EndSubSection
EndSection

I rebooted, and opening X server, I was able to chose the right resolution.
From here, I don't know exactly what I did becasue the resolution wouldn't stay after each reboot, but I know have the following /etc/X11/xorg.conf file :

Section "ServerLayout"
    Identifier     "Layout0"
    Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0
    InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
    InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
    Option         "Xinerama" "0"
EndSection
Section "Files"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
    # generated from default
    Identifier     "Mouse0"
    Driver         "mouse"
    Option         "Protocol" "auto"
    Option         "Device" "/dev/psaux"
    Option         "Emulate3Buttons" "no"
    Option         "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
    # generated from default
    Identifier     "Keyboard0"
    Driver         "kbd"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
    # HorizSync source: xconfig, VertRefresh source: xconfig
    Identifier     "Monitor0"
    VendorName     "Unknown"
    ModelName      "CRT-0"
    HorizSync       30.0 - 83.0
    VertRefresh     50.0 - 75.0
    ModeLine       "1680x1050" 146.250 1680 1784 1960 2240 1050 1053 1059 1089 -hsync +vsync
    ModeLine       "1920x1200" 154.000 1920 1968 2000 2080 1200 1203 1209 1235 +hsync -vsync
    ModeLine       "1920x1080" 173.000 1920 2048 2248 2576 1080 1083 1088 1120 -hsync +vsync
    ModeLine       "1792x1344" 204.800 1792 1920 2120 2448 1344 1345 1348 1394 -hsync +vsync
    ModeLine       "1600x1200" 175.500 1600 1664 1856 2160 1200 1201 1204 1250 +hsync +vsync
    ModeLine       "1440x900" 106.500 1440 1520 1672 1904 900 903 909 934 -hsync +vsync
    ModeLine       "1400x1050" 155.800 1400 1464 1784 1912 1050 1052 1064 1090 +hsync +vsync
    ModeLine       "1360x768" 72.000 1360 1408 1440 1520 768 771 781 790 +hsync -vsync
    Option         "DPMS"
EndSection
Section "Device"
    Identifier     "Device0"
    Driver         "nvidia"
    VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
    BoardName      "GeForce GT 630"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
    Identifier     "Screen0"
    Device         "Device0"
    Monitor        "Monitor0"
    DefaultDepth    24
    Option         "Stereo" "0"
    Option         "nvidiaXineramaInfoOrder" "CRT-0"
    Option         "metamodes" "DVI-I-0: 1680x1050_60 +0+0, VGA-0: nvidia-auto-select +1680+0"
    Option         "SLI" "Off"
    Option         "MultiGPU" "Off"
    Option         "BaseMosaic" "off"
    SubSection     "Display"
    Depth       24
    Modes       "1680x1050"
    EndSubSection
EndSection

From here, it wasn't enough, I had to enter the following lines in a shell :

gtf 1680 1050 60

It outputed :

# 1680x1050 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 65.22 kHz; pclk: 147.14 MHz
Modeline "1680x1050_60.00"  147.14  1680 1784 1968 2256  1050 1051 1054 1087  -HSync +Vsync

I used the Modeline and typed in :

xrandr --newmode "1680x1050_60.00"  147.14  1680 1784 1968 2256  1050 1051 1054 1087  -HSync +Vsync
xrandr --addmode DVI-I-0 1680x1050_60.00
xrandr --output DVI-I-0 --mode 1680x1050_60.00 --rate 60

AND IT WAS OK !!

When I reboot, at the login screen, my ACER screen still won't have the good resolution but as soon as I'm logged in, it's ok !

debugging - best visual debugger for kernel

I have managed to get a user-mode-linux kernel compiled. Now I can debug a kernel as a regular user process and track how it works. This I can do using gdb but I'm much more used to visual debuggers and want to see and work with the code without needing to learn gdb commands. Is there a good wrapper for gdb where I can control and see the code at the same time. I don't need an ide since I am not really changing the code. I have tried ddd but it is really slow and the interface is non-standard.

You can run gdb under emacs and it will track the source code in the other window. You can also open watch windows and such. It also has a bunch of other features that can make reviewing the code easier, such as tags tables which allow you to quickly jump directly to the definition of a given function, and the mark ring, which allows you to jump to one place, review the code a bit, then tap C-x C-x to jump back to where you came from.

package management - Unable to install Skype ("Unmet dependencies" error)

Trying to install skype on Ubuntu 12, I faced and issue. When I type:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install skype

I get an error

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
skype is already the newest version.
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 skype : Depends: lib32stdc++6 (>= 4.1.1-21) but it is not going to be installed
         Depends: lib32asound2 (> 1.0.14) but it is not going to be installed
         Depends: ia32-libs but it is not going to be installed
         Depends: libc6-i386 (>= 2.7-1) but it is not going to be installed
         Depends: lib32gcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1-21+ia32.libs.1.19) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

How do I solve it? Is the way I'm using the right one to install skype?

UPDATE: If I try to do

sudo apt-get install lib32stdc++6 lib32asound2 ia32-libs libc6-i386 lib32gcc1 skype

then I get

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
skype is already the newest version.
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 ia32-libs : Depends: ia32-libs-multiarch
 lib32asound2 : Depends: libasound2 (= 1.0.25-1ubuntu10)
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

Your dependencies are broken even though skype is installed.
run this command:

sudo apt-get install -f

This should help to fix the broken dependancies

grub2 - Repair Windows Boot Loader after installing Ubuntu on MacBook Pro

I installed Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS on MacBookPro11,5 (Retina) with Mac OS X Yosemite following this guide: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBookPro11-1/Saucy

The thing is that I already have Windows 8.1 Pro installed via Boot Camp, so the Disk Utility on Mac OS cannot be used for re-partitioning the SSD. I used resizeStack in Terminal to shrink the OS X partition (guide here). Now the SSD is partitioned as:

• /dev/sda1: EFI partition


• /dev/sda2: OS X Yosemite


• /dev/sda3: OS X Recovery HD


• /dev/sda4: Boot Camp Windows 8


• /dev/sda5: Ubuntu Disk mounted to /


• /dev/sda6: Ubuntu Swap

The Ubuntu boot loader is selected to install to /dev/sda1, but the installer notified that the Windows Boot Loader also exists in sda1. After installation, Ubuntu and Mac OS successfully booted from GRUB2, but the Windows cannot be booted either from GRUB2 or from the native Apple boot manager (pressing option when booting). I used Parallels Desktop to load the Boot Camp partition as a Virtual Machine and the Windows works.

I installed Boot Repair on Ubuntu and used the Recommended Repair, no luck; more entries are added to the Grub2 menu after repair. GRUB worked and Mac OS could be booted. Here is the Boot Info page created: http://paste.ubuntu.com/11897269/

I plugged in the Windows Installation flash drive and tried the automatic Startup Repair, which did not work. Then I attempted to repair the Master Boot Record by Command Prompt:
bootrec /fixmbr

After the repair Mac OS was set to be the first system to boot, so Grub menu did not appear while starting the computer. I used efibootmgr on the Ubuntu Installation flash drive to set back Ubuntu to be the first boot drive and Mac OS to be the second. Windows still cannot be booted.

The weird thing is that this time the Apple boot manager did not attempt to boot Windows after the "Windows" disk icon is clicked; both the "Macintosh HD" and "Windows" icon will lead to Mac OS being booted. So the repair must have changed the Apple boot manager.

1. Seems that the Windows Boot Loader in /dev/sda1 is overwritten by Grub. So is there a way to make the Windows Boot Loader and Linux boot loader (it is Grub now, right?) coexist?




2. A thing to notice is that the Boot Camp Windows 8 boots in EFI mode on MacBook Pro, as the setupact.log shows Callback_BootEnvironmentDetect: Detected boot environment: EFI. guide I also checked Grub that it works in EFI mode. Therefore does Windows also use GUID Partition Table (GPT) similar as Mac OS, instead of MBR? If so repairing MBR may not be useful.




3. I am not sure where does the Apple boot switch reside, and how it can be changed by the Windows Installation drive? Is it also in /dev/sda1?

I am a beginner on the subject. Thanks a lot for your answers!

---

I tried the following commands in Windows Installation Command Prompt:

• bootrec /fixmbr: Successful


• bootrec /fixboot: Successful


• bootrec /scanos: Identified 1 Windows Installation on D:\Windows


• bootrec /rebuildbcd: Identified 1 Windows Installation on D:\Windows; The requested system device cannot be found.


• bcdedit: The requested system device cannot be found.

Windows cannot be booted, with error code 0xc000000e.

Updates #2

I followed Rod Smith's answer to convert my EFI partition from MBR: MBR only to MBR: protective and GPT: present, but then the 'Windows' option disappears from Apple boot manager and Grub cannot be booted.

Also I followed Terrance's answer to rebuildbcd but did not succeed. See comments on their answers.

security - Any real-time antivirus for Ubuntu?

Is there any real-time anti virus for Ubuntu? Which antivirus is good and in real-time (I mean that, if I try to open an infected file or go to a bad website, it stops it).
I read a post in ubuntuguide and here is a part of it:
Anti-virus

If you are running a file server, interface frequently with Windows drives or share files with Windows users, or use virtualization, you will want a virus checker for your Windows files.

Despite extensive misinformation, Linux is not immune from malware (witness the explosion of malware being created for the Linux-based Google Android systems). The malware is not usually spread within the OS itself (as long as the OS is a well-respected distribution obtained through official channels), but in trojan programs downloaded and installed by users outside of the normal software distribution channels (i.e. repositories) of the OS. There is always a danger to using programs downloaded from the Internet from sources other than respected repositories -- it is the primary reason that Debian and (K)Ubuntu retain tight control over their software repositories.

Any file can have malware embedded in it (which is trivial to achieve by concatenation, for example: cat originalfile.avi malware.exe > originalfileplusmalware.avi). The question is whether a user will try to open a file with a program (such as a media player) that has been compromised in a way that allows it to execute the code found in the infected media (e.g. .avi) file. This can occur not only for Windows users but for any OS (including Mac OSX and Linux) with a compromised program (e.g. media player). An example is the extensive problems the Mac OS community is currently having with the Flash player.

Routine scanning of any file downloaded from the Internet, any file imported from another user's computer (even a trusted source, since their attention to virus prevention may not be as compulsive as yours), or any attachment received in an email (even from a trusted sender) should be done with an anti-virus program. So I think that there is a need for anti-virus in Ubuntu.

As others have noted, you probably do not need it. However, comodo, kaspersky and few others offer real-time antivirus protection

installation - Can I use Ubuntu installers partition tool (Win 8.1 and Ubuntu 13.04)

I have laptop less than year old with preinstalled Windows 8 (now updated to 8.1). I'd like to install Ubuntu alongside with Windows, I have read many instructions on web and watched tutorials on Youtube, but still one question remains.

I have Hp laptop, with 'local disk (C:)' and 'RECOVERY (D:)'. I would like to avoid manual partitioning because I don't have the confidence to mess with that :). I've seen in the instructions on web that I could use the 'Install alongside Windows' option and it would create the partitions automatically, but all the examples are having Windows with only C: disk.

So the question is: will it make any difference to have also the D: disk? Can I use the 'Install alongside Windows' option?

(I've booted my laptop already from LiveUSB and selected the Try Ubuntu, and checked that I had the 'Install alongside Windows' option visible, just didn't have the guts to do it then :)..)

Yes,"Install alongside Windows" option will make the D drive to loss it's files or even the whole partition also.

So first partition the disk and fomat it to ext4 partition using Gparted partition Editor.Then run the Ubuntu installer and then choose "something else" option to manually install Ubuntu on a selected ext4 partition.

system installation - Ubuntu 18.04.1 won't install on Dell Precision M6500

I have a Dell Precision M6500, it runs 16.04 (64-bit) just fine.

• Hard drive is 500GB


• 8GB RAM


• Intel Core i5 M560 CPU


• Hyperthreading enabled


• SpeedStep enabled


• TPM disabled


• XD support disabled

I swapped hard drives to a known good 320GB drive and tried to install 18.04 - no joy.

It will get to a desktop running on the live DVD, I click on the installation icon, nothing happens. Tried a second, known good blank 320GB hard drive, same results.

BIOS is current at A10. Hard drives are physical disks, not SSDs. Hard drive type in BIOS is AHCI.

I changed no values in BIOS when swapping hard drives. I put the 16.04 hard drive back in the machine, it boots and runs fine.

18.04 Installation DVD has been used to install on other computers without problems and does not appear to be damaged.

I tried an Ubuntu Budgie 18.04 DVD, exact same results. On a whim, while writing this question, I decided to try a third hard drive, this time a 250GB drive.

Same results, will not launch the installation.

I would appreciate any help and advice you can offer.

I've used Ubuntu since 10.04 and this is the first time I've had a problem installing the OS that I could not solve.

Cannot open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock permission denied--even using sudo

I recently installed a fresh version of Ubuntu LTS 12.04. I had been using LTS 10.4 and saved my package.list and was planning on using

$> sudo dpkg --set-selections < package.list && apt-get dselect-upgrade

to install the same packages in the new version

However, the computer fails to run with the error

E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?

The simple answers to this would be am I root or a member of sudo?

  $> whoami
  surfer
   $> groups
surfer adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare

So much for the easy answer.

Per the similar post
Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/) is another process using it?
The recommended solution is

$> sudo fuser -cuk /var/lib/dpkg/lock; sudo rm -f /var/lib/dpkg/lock

Upon executing that command, my screen goes blank, the keyboard becomes unresponsive, and my only option is to press the power button and reboot... (I would have thought this was a malicious suggestion, but many others seemed to have liked it.)

I've tried listing any programs that may be using /var/lib/dpkg/lock

$> sudo lsof
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon file system /home/surfer/.gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.

Note, there are no programs listed.

Similarly, no luck with

$> ps -e | grep -e apt -e adept | grep -v grep

Nothing listed.

BTW, I can run apt-get from the command line.

$> sudo apt-get update

runs as expected and updates my package lists...

@izx:
After attempting your suggestion, I could not run

$> sudo dpkg --set-selections < package.list && apt-get dselect-upgrade

It failed with the same error. I tried this

a) immediately following the rm command in the F1 terminal
b) executing the rm command and returning to X with Ctrl+Alt+F7
c) executing the rm command and rebooting

Of interest only option c) yielded a different (but similar error message) which was

dpkg: error: dpkg status database is locked by another process

Although I cannot kill the processes using /var/lib/dpkg/lock with fuser, I did get the following output for processes that are linked to it.

$> fuser -cv /var/lib/dpkg/lock
                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
/var/lib/dpkg/lock:  root     kernel mount (root)/var
                     surfer     1641 ....m (surfer)gnome-settings-
                     surfer     1656 ....m (surfer)compiz
                     surfer     1679 ....m (surfer)nm-applet
                     surfer     1688 ....m (surfer)nautilus
                     surfer     1731 ....m (surfer)gtk-window-deco
                     surfer     1733 ....m (surfer)unity-panel-ser
                     surfer     1831 ....m (surfer)gnome-terminal
                     surfer     1899 f.... (surfer)unity-applicati
                     surfer     2029 F...m (surfer)update-notifier

So I tried killing each process from the F1 terminal, and removed the lock file. No problem. The result was

$> fuser -cv /var/lib/dpkg/lock
                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
/var/lib/dpkg/lock:  root     kernel mount (root)/var
$> ls /var/lib/dpkg/lock
ls: cannot access /var/lib/dpkg/lock: No such file or directory

file and links seem to be gone, but upon executing the dpkg command, I get the same error...and the lock file is back.

I'm really rather puzzled, and would welcome any help.

Your very First step should have been

sudo dpkg --set-selections < package.list && sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade

The following error

E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)

would have never occurred , Even second time you used the same code, and got same error.

Try the right command by adding sudo as per above , and post your findings.

NOTE : The use of && enables you to execute multiple commands on same line , in the usual sense && only executes the second command if the first command returns a value reporting success . Therefore ,sudo here needs to be specified in second command .

12.04 - SSH Commandline - Ubuntu x64 dedicated server raid-0 array creation LOG [ After reboot : Disk /dev/md127 doesn't contain a valid partition table ]

I followed this tutorial but failed as it seems, i tried for a couple times, here i throw the towel:

ht-tp://www.rustyrazorblade.com/2012/07/setting-up-raid0-in-ubuntu-12-04-in-aws-high-io/

The raid creation command i used was mdadm --create --verbose
--auto=yes --chunk=64 /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

OBV something went wrong as fdisk -ls prints Disk /dev/md127
doesn't contain a valid partition table after the reboot.

Iam looking for a solution to get this correctly setup.

The full install LOG is:

login as: root root@"serverIP"'s password: Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04.1
LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-35-generic x86_64)

• Documentation: ht-tps://help.ubuntu.com/ You have mail. Last login:
  Thu Dec 20 11:11:17 2012 from p4fe4fd1a.dip.t-dialin.net

root@j064:~# fdisk -ls

Disk /dev/sda: 128.0 GB, 128035676160 bytes 255 heads, 63
sectors/track, 15566 cylinders, total 250069680 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00025802

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 261 7812500 3906120 82 Linux swap /
Solaris /dev/sda2 * 7813120 249554943 120870912 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63
sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe92120fa

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63
sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

root@j064:~# apt-get install mdadm

Reading package lists... Done Building
dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW
packages will be installed: mdadm 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0
to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 520 kB of archives. After
this operation, 1185 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1
ht-tp://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main mdadm amd64
3.2.5-1ubuntu0.2 [520 kB] Fetched 520 kB in 0s (1030 kB/s) Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously unselected package
mdadm. (Reading database ... 76517 files and directories currently
installed.) Unpacking mdadm (from
.../mdadm_3.2.5-1ubuntu0.2_amd64.deb) ... Processing triggers for
ureadahead ... Setting up mdadm (3.2.5-1ubuntu0.2) ... Generating
mdadm.conf... done. Removing any system startup links for
/etc/init.d/mdadm-raid ... update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger
activated) * Starting MD monitoring service mdadm --monitor
[ OK ] Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs:
Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-35-generic W: mdadm:
/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf defines no arrays.

root@j064:~# sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): d

No partition is defined yet!

Command (m for help): n

Partition type: p

primary (0 primary, 0
extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition
number (1-4, default 1): Using default value 1 First sector
(2048-1953525167, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector,
+sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1953525167, default 1953525167): Using default value 1953525167

Command (m for help): t

Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list
codes): fd

Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid
autodetect)

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.

root@j064:~# sudo fdisk /dev/sdc

Device contains neither a valid DOS
partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS
disklabel with disk identifier 0x8d60ef66. Changes will remain in
memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course,
the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by
w(rite)

Command (m for help): d

No partition is defined yet!

Command (m for help): n

Partition type: p

primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p >Partition
number (1-4, default 1): Using default value 1 First sector
(2048-1953525167, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector,
+sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1953525167, default 1953525167): Using default value 1953525167

Command (m for help): t

Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): fd

Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.

root@j064:~# fdisk -ls

Disk /dev/sda: 128.0 GB, 128035676160 bytes 255 heads, 63
sectors/track, 15566 cylinders, total 250069680 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00025802

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 261 7812500 3906120 82 Linux swap /
Solaris /dev/sda2 * 7813120 249554943 120870912 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63
sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe92120fa

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid
autodetect

Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63
sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x8d60ef66

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid
`autodetect

root@j064:~# sudo mdadm --create --verbose --auto=yes --chunk=64 /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md0
started.

root@j064:~# sudo apt-get install xfsprogs

Reading package
lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information...
Done The following extra packages will be installed: libreadline5
Suggested packages: xfsdump attr quota The following NEW packages
will be installed: libreadline5 xfsprogs 0 upgraded, 2 newly
installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 1354 kB of
archives. After this operation, 3082 kB of additional disk space will
be used.

Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y

Get:1 ht-tp://filepile.fastit.net/ubuntu/ precise/main libreadline5 amd64
5.2-11 [128 kB] Get:2 ht-tp://filepile.fastit.net/ubuntu/ precise/main xfsprogs amd64 3.1.7 [1226 kB] Fetched 1354 kB in 0s (1991 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libreadline5. (Reading
database ... 76568 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking libreadline5 (from .../libreadline5_5.2-11_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package xfsprogs. Unpacking xfsprogs
(from .../xfsprogs_3.1.7_amd64.deb) ... Setting up libreadline5
(5.2-11) ... Setting up xfsprogs (3.1.7) ... Processing triggers for
libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
root@j064:~# sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/md0 mke2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)
Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment
size=4096 (log=2) Stride=16 blocks, Stripe width=32 blocks 122101760
inodes, 488380768 blocks 24419038 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the
super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
14905 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848

Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating
journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem
accounting information: done

root@j064:~# mkdir /mnt/bigraid

root@j064:~# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/bigraid/

root@j064:~# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use%
Mounted on /dev/sda2 114G 2.7G 106G 3% / udev
3.9G 4.0K 3.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 1.6G 284K 1.6G 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 3.9G
0 3.9G 0% /run/shm /dev/md0 1.8T 196M 1.7T 1%
/mnt/bigraid root@j064:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/bigraid/somefile
bs=512 ^C10271932+0 records in 10271931+0 records out 5259228672 bytes
(5.3 GB) copied, 20.3628 s, 258 MB/s

root@j064:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/bigraid/somefile bs=2048

^C

1083452+0 records in 1083452+0 records out 2218909696 bytes (2.2 GB)
copied, 10.4948 s, 211 MB/s

root@j064:~# root@j064:~# hdparm -t /dev/md0

/dev/md0: Timing buffered disk reads: 582 MB in 3.00 seconds =
193.96 MB/sec

root@j064:~# fdisk -ls

Disk /dev/sda: 128.0 GB, 128035676160 bytes 255 heads, 63
sectors/track, 15566 cylinders, total 250069680 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00025802

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 261 7812500 3906120 82 Linux swap /
Solaris /dev/sda2 * 7813120 249554943 120870912 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63
sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe92120fa

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid
autodetect

Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63
sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x8d60ef66

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid
autodetect

Disk /dev/md0: 2000.4 GB, 2000407625728 bytes 2 heads, 4
sectors/track, 488380768 cylinders, total 3907046144 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 131072
bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table

root@j064:~# cd /mnt/bigraid

root@j064:/mnt/bigraid# reboot

login as: root root@"IP"'s password: Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS
(GNU/Linux 3.2.0-35-generic x86_64)

• Documentation: ht-tps://help.ubuntu.com/ You have mail. Last login:
  Thu Dec 20 11:14:36 2012 from p4fe4fd1a.dip.t-dialin.net

root@j064:~# fdisk -ls

Disk /dev/sda: 128.0 GB, 128035676160 bytes 255 heads, 63
sectors/track, 15566 cylinders, total 250069680 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00025802

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 261 7812500 3906120 82 Linux swap /
Solaris /dev/sda2 * 7813120 249554943 120870912 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63
sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe92120fa

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid
autodetect

Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63
sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x8d60ef66

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid
autodetect

Disk /dev/md127: 2000.4 GB, 2000407625728 bytes 2 heads, 4
sectors/track, 488380768 cylinders, total 3907046144 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 131072
bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/md127 doesn't contain a valid partition table

root@j064:~# partprobe

root@j064:~# reboot

login as: root root@"IP"'s password: Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS
(GNU/Linux 3.2.0-35-generic x86_64)

• Documentation: ht-tps://help.ubuntu.com/ You have mail. Last login:
  Thu Dec 20 11:36:04 2012 from p4fe4fd1a.dip.t-dialin.net

root@j064:~# fdisk -ls

Disk /dev/sda: 128.0 GB, 128035676160 bytes 255 heads, 63
sectors/track, 15566 cylinders, total 250069680 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00025802

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 261 7812500 3906120 82 Linux swap /
Solaris /dev/sda2 * 7813120 249554943 120870912 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63
sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe92120fa

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid
autodetect

Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 81 heads, 63
sectors/track, 382818 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x8d60ef66

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 1953525167 976761560 fd Linux raid
autodetect

Disk /dev/md127: 2000.4 GB, 2000407625728 bytes 2 heads, 4
sectors/track, 488380768 cylinders, total 3907046144 sectors Units =
sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 131072
bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/md127 doesn't contain a valid partition table

root@j064:~#

software installation - How to install nwchem by adding a launchpad source (not PPA)

I want to install NWChem (a molecular simulation package) and the link given for Ubuntu in their website is: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nwchem.

Can you please let me know how to add it to the sources file, so that I can use apt to install it?

I tried for the ppa but I could not find any at all.

Just simply run:

sudo apt install nwchem

it's a supported package which already exist in official repository, and the link you provide is the source of it.

The fact is that you already have access to the source of this package, if you want to download the source you can run:

apt source --download-only nwchem

And if you want to compile and install it from source code:

1. first install the built dependencies.

   
   

   sudo apt build-dep nwchem
   




2. then use this command to fetch and compile nwchem

   
   

   apt source --compile nwchem
   




3. then install it:

   
   

   sudo dpkg -i nwchem-version.deb
   

or you can use things like gdebi to handle dependencies too.

16.04 - Unmet dependancy unity-control-center

I'm trying to bravely step forward into the "apt-world" and got these errors tonight testing upgrade from 16.04 to 19.04 on a clone (it's.. well... complicated...):

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 indicator-bluetooth : Depends: unity-control-center but it is not going to be installed or
                                gnome-control-center but it is not going to be installed or
                                ubuntu-system-settings but it is not installable
 libdouble-conversion1v5 : Conflicts: libdouble-conversion1 but 3.1.0-2 is to be installed
                           Breaks: libdouble-conversion1 but 3.1.0-2 is to be installed
 libqt5dbus5 : Depends: qtbase-abi-5-5-1
 libqt5network5 : Depends: qtbase-abi-5-5-1
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.

Does anyone know how to solve these errors or what additional information I can provide to help solve them?

The 16.04 to 19.04 upgrade is by script so I can install packages beforehand if that helps things out. I've recloned 16.04 and run the script five times to work out the other bugs and now I can almost see the light at the end of the tunnel.

---

Reply to comments

Currently only Unity Desktop is installed and converted by upgrade. After successful upgrade I plan to install Gnome Desktop and possibly Wayland.

I see even before upgrade there is a problem:

$ sudo dpkg -P libdouble-conversion1v5
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of libdouble-conversion1v5:amd64:
 libqt5qml5:amd64 depends on libdouble-conversion1v5 (>= 2.0.0).
dpkg: error processing package libdouble-conversion1v5:amd64 (--purge):
 dependency problems - not removing
Errors were encountered while processing:
 libdouble-conversion1v5:amd64

The other item asked for:

$ apt list --installed | grep hw
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
hwdata/xenial-updates,xenial-updates,now 0.267-1ubuntu2 all [installed]
linux-generic-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 4.15.0.55.76 amd64 [installed]
linux-headers-generic-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 4.15.0.55.76 amd64 [installed]
linux-hwe-tools-4.15.0-54/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 4.15.0-54.58~16.04.1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
linux-hwe-tools-4.15.0-55/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 4.15.0-55.60~16.04.2 amd64 [installed,automatic]
linux-image-generic-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 4.15.0.55.76 amd64 [installed,automatic]
linux-signed-generic-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 4.15.0.55.76 amd64 [installed]
linux-signed-image-generic-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 4.15.0.55.76 amd64 [installed]
linux-tools-generic-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 4.15.0.55.76 amd64 [installed,automatic]
lshw/xenial-updates,now 02.17-1.1ubuntu3.6 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 2:1.19.6-1ubuntu4.1~16.04.2 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 1:7.7+16ubuntu3~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-input-all-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 1:7.7+16ubuntu3~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-input-evdev-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 1:2.10.5-1ubuntu1~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-input-synaptics-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 1.9.0-1ubuntu1~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-input-wacom-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 1:0.34.0-0ubuntu2~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-legacy-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 2:1.19.6-1ubuntu4.1~16.04.2 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-video-all-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 1:7.7+16ubuntu3~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 18.0.1-1~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-video-ati-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 1:18.0.1-1~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-video-fbdev-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 1:0.4.4-1build6~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-video-intel-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 2:2.99.917+git20171229-1~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-video-nouveau-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 1:1.0.15-2~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-video-qxl-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 0.1.5-2build1~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 1:18.0.1-1~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-video-vesa-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 1:2.3.4-1build3~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-video-vmware-hwe-16.04/xenial-updates,now 1:13.2.1-1build1~16.04.1 amd64 [installed]

---

The next step

I might be suffering from packages being held back:

Because all three packages exist in 16.04 they just aren't being upgraded to 19.04:

$ apt list unity-control-center
Listing... Done
unity-control-center/xenial-updates,now 15.04.0+16.04.20171130-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
N: There is 1 additional version. Please use the '-a' switch to see it
$ apt list libqt5core5a
Listing... Done
libqt5core5a/xenial-updates,xenial-security,now 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.6 amd64 [installed]
N: There is 1 additional version. Please use the '-a' switch to see it
$ apt list libdouble-conversion1v5
Listing... Done
libdouble-conversion1v5/xenial,now 2.0.1-3ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]

The answers in the link have many suggestions, the first one I'll try after work is:

sudo apt-get --with-new-pkgs upgrade

I'll suggest to try deeper approach with one of the commands below:

• try to get new dependencies

  
  

  sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
  




• try Aptitude's safe-upgrade

  
  

  sudo aptitude safe-upgrade
  




• try Aptitude's dist-upgrade

  
  

  sudo aptitude safe-upgrade
  




• try Aptitude TUI to see broken packages

  
  

  sudo aptitude
  

If all these commands fail - then start over with removing obsolete packages with one of the methods:

• with apt-get

  
  

  sudo apt-get autoremove
  




• with Aptitude's TUI

  
  

  sudo aptitude
  

  
  

  and then navigate to Obsolete and Locally Created Packages and carefully remove packages from this section while controlling broken packages.

Notes:

1. on clean Ubuntu 19.04 VM I can't install libdouble-conversion1v5 package as it came from 16.04 LTS.



2. I have successfully ran upgrade of Ubuntu MATE 16.04 LTS to 19.04 with commands:

   
   

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
   sudo apt-get install libdouble-conversion1v5
   sudo apt-get clean
   sudo sed -i 's/xenial/disco/' /etc/apt/sources.list
   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
   

   
   

   but for upgrade of default Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (with Unity) → 19.04 I was forced to use sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -f several times until success and used sudo dpkg -i --force-all /var/cache/apt/archives/grilo-plugins*.deb (for only this package).




3. Also I have successfully ran upgrade of Ubuntu MATE (and Unity) 16.04 LTS → 18.04 LTS → 19.04 with commands:

   
   

   sudo apt-get update # on 16.04 LTS
   sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
   sudo apt-get install libdouble-conversion1v5
   sudo apt-get clean
   sudo do-release-upgrade # with reboot into 18.04 LTS
   sudo sed -i 's/Prompt=never/Prompt=normal/' /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
   sudo apt-get clean
   sudo do-release-upgrade # to 19.04
   

So it seems that we need to review your upgrade script :)

Possible data loss while installing Ubuntu 11.04 over Ubuntu 10.10

I have Ubuntu 10.10 install on my laptop. And I have a lot of data (nealy 40 GB) in the partition where Linux is installed. I cannot move this data to some where else.

If I now try to install Ubuntu 11.04 via USB (I am avoiding Upgrading via package manager because I have had some bad experiences with it), and not 'Format' my linux partition, are there any chances that my data in /home or /home/user1 or /home/user2 will vanish away?

You should never do this kind of thing without having a backup. Ever. But what you should be able to do, is to boot a usb session, delete everything on your root file system except /home and resize it. Then you can create a separate partition for /home and move the files onto it and then install. (Please investigate this before you start doing anything)

But in any case, you should not install a different version of Ubuntu without cleaning the root file system first. It's asking for major problems.

boot - trouble booting 14.04 from USB

I'm trying to upgrade from 12.04 to 14.04 and am encountering problems.
I'm working from 12.04. Downloaded the 14.04 iso file. Used the Startup Disc Creator App.

However, when I try to boot from USB, I get a "Boot error" message.
I've tried booting with the USB drive in all 4 USB ports. I've reformatted the USB drive. I've re-downloaded the iso file. Keep getting the same results.

Frustrating because it worked fine when I loaded 12.04 using this same procedure on the same computer (Toshiba Satellite with AMD 64 processor).

Got 14.04 on the system without having to re-install using USB stick.
Found this link with instructions on how to upgrade directly from within 12.04.

Here are the steps:

Make sure all updates are installed.
Open a terminal screen
Type sudo update-manager -d
An update window pop-up window should appear with an option at the top to upgrade to 14.04.

Worked perfectly for me.

14.04 - Launcher disappeared

I have installed Ubuntu 14.04. It worked for approx. 2 days. But today when I turned it on launcher & Menu bar was absent & ctrl+alt+t was also not working.
I tried "sudo service lightdm restart" it didn't worked. Please help me..
and launcher is present in guest session but not in Admin login..

MSI PS42 8RB-035 Ubuntu compatibility

With no result after googling about it, I'm trying to figure it out if the new MSI PS42 8RB-035 is fully compatible with Ubuntu. Is there someone running Linux on the machine who could give me a feedback ?

Here is the spec : https://fr.msi.com/Laptop/PS42-8RX/Specification or https://www.ldlc.com/fiche/PB00253598.html

To complete my question, it's not about how to empirically know about ubuntu compatibility in general but how to know cutting edge hardware compatibility where there is no information yet, precisely on the machine I gave in exemple.

system installation - Full USB install not booting?

Okay I'm puzzled and been trying to solve this for days.
I'm almost giving up on having Ubuntu.

I've used Zorin will no problems, full install on USB. Boots up fine no issues.

But I'm trying to install Ubuntu on the same USB stick. Exact same options under the installer.
Mount point, bootloader location etc.

However it will not boot with Ubuntu full install.
I've tried disabling UEFI boot in BIOS, changed boot priorities and so on.
I know the stick boots as Zorin has no issues. I didn't even disable UEFI boot in BIOS and Zorin boots up fine.

wireless - Not able to connect to local network

I have installed Kubuntu , I am able to connect to Internet and able to access external sites, but in my local network i have bugzila installed that i am not able to access, even i am not able to ping the gateway also 192.168.1.1 .
below is the result of ifconfig command

Please help .

Thanks

~# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:70:f4:da:f9:a8
          inet addr:192.168.1.100  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
          Interrupt:42 Base address:0x2000
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:884 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:884 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:81131 (81.1 KB)  TX bytes:81131 (81.1 KB)
wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 68:5d:43:2e:1c:79
          inet addr:192.168.1.26  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::6a5d:43ff:fe2e:1c79/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:2446 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2324 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:1909441 (1.9 MB)  TX bytes:393292 (393.2 KB)

Dual booting windows 8/Ubuntu 12.04.2, GRUB doesn't appear and Ubuntu never boots

I got a new ACER predator AG3620-UR308 which came with windows 8 and I wanted to run ubuntu 12.04.2 on it as a dual boot machine. The box came with 2TB HDD. So I made 4 partitions with a raw partition just after the windows installation partition.

I created a swap area and finished the installation. GRUB was installed on the only drive there which is /dev/sda.

After reboot, GRUB doesn't even come up. It always boots Windows 8. I repeated installation process twice and got the same result. I disabled secure boot from the BIOS and enabled CSM (don't even know what it means) according to Acer custhelp site . I boot from USB and got this:

$ sudo fdisk -l
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't  support GPT. Use GNU Parted.

Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x8c361cb5

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1  3907029167  1953514583+  ee  GPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

Disk /dev/sdb: 8178 MB, 8178892800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 994 cylinders, total 15974400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0006a87e

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1   *        2048    15972351     7985152    b  W95 FAT32

Can anybody shed some light? thank you in advance

EDIT
I just did another trial with 13.04 this time and still no luck.

bios: secure-boot: disabled   
enable CSM : always 

• Deleted previous Ubuntu partition and swap area partition.now having free space


• Used usb installer to prepare usb with ubuntu-13.04-desktop-amd64.iso


• rebooted : liveusb didnt detect windows 8, used something else


• created partition ext4 for /



• created partition for swap-area


• default grub path is /dev/sda and clicked install

Acer always boots into windows.

NEW EDIT

After following the boot-repair suggestion installed on the liveUSB, I can now see grub but can't log into windows anymore as it's not in the list. The boot-repair also completed with an error, i guess logged on pastin.ubuntu

How my drive is organized

Try using Boot Repair in Ubuntu.

---

Installing Boot Repair

1. Open the Terminal, then type:

   
   
   

   sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update




2. Press Enter.




3. Then type:

   
   
   

   sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && (boot-repair &)




4. Press Enter

Using Boot Repair

Search for Boot Repair in the dash and launch it. Then click the "Recommended Repair" button and wait until it's finished.

---

Reboot. It should work now, although your GRUB is probably littered with useless entries.

uninstall - apt-get giving warnings on programs I've uninstalled

I uninstalled a program using the command

sudo apt-get --purge remove programName

but when I ran sudo apt-get update it still return errors on that program's keys. So I then uninstalled the program's key using

sudo apt-key del AAAAAAAA

but then I get errors from sudo apt-get update about the keys. Specifically I am trying to completely remove Epson drivers, and these are the errors:

W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/op/stable/debian lsb3.2 Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY E5E86C008AA65D56
W: Failed to fetch http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/op/stable/debian/dists/lsb3.2/Release.gpg The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY E5E86C008AA65D56
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

I just want everything about these Epson drivers removed so I don't get bothered about it every time I run update.

apt - I get this error after upgrade

I got this error message after the most recent upgrade:

dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of initramfs-tools:
 initramfs-tools depends on initramfs-tools-bin (<< 0.99ubuntu13.2.1~); however:
  Version of initramfs-tools-bin on system is 0.103ubuntu0.2.
 klibc-utils (2.0.1-1ubuntu2) breaks initramfs-tools (<< 0.103) and is installed.
  Version of initramfs-tools to be configured is 0.99ubuntu13.2.
dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured

dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of plymouth:
 plymouth depends on initramfs-tools; however:
  Package initramfs-tools is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing plymouth (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mountall:
 mountall depends on plymouth; however:
  Package plymouth is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing mountall (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured

No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
      No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                                    dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of initscripts:
 initscripts depends on mountall (>= 2.28); however:
  Package mountall is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing initscripts (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of upstart:
 upstart depends on initscripts; however:

  Package initscripts is not configured yet.
 upstart depends on mountall; however:
  Package mountall is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing upstart (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of passwd:
 passwd depends on upstart-job; however:
  Package upstart-job is not installed.
  Package upstart which provides upstart-job is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing passwd (--configure):

 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
      No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                                    Errors were encountered while processing:
 initramfs-tools
 plymouth
 mountall
 initscripts
 upstart

 passwd
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

Lightweight desktop environments

Hi I was thinking about try a lightweight desktop for my Ubuntu.

I like Unity but am just curious to see how well they work.

But I don't know where to start, theres L and X Ubuntu, whats the difference's between the two ?, I read X is not very lightweight and L is very ugly.

My PC is of reasonable spec so which distro's are not just for underpowered machines ?

Can any one suggest any others to try ?

Enlightenment is pretty fast. It's also extremely customizable, and potentially good looking. Might not be what you are looking for, but I think it deserves more attention. I am also trying out xfce at the moment. So far, I am very satisfied, but there are some bugs I have to sort out before it's usable.

Last time I tried lubuntu, it was not nearly good enough for everyday, or non-geek usage. I frequently had to retreat to command line to do stuff. I like their intentions, though, but I wouldn't recommend it for everyday use unless you've got a really slow computer or until they sort out some of the issues.

lost my username/administrator passwords

I am the only user of my computer so when I installed ubuntu 17.10 I just used a one letter password now when I check settings user my password has changed to: five letters? numbers? I only see five dots
I can not install any packages with sudo and, my old password How can I fix this?

grub2 - no such partition, grub rescue

I am currently dual booting Win7 and Ubuntu. I created a new partition, on my c drive, to install windows 8 on (i did not want to do the upgrade). I inserted the windows 8 cd and restarted my computer. no such partition/ grub rescue is all that comes up now. I loaded ubuntu from disk and did boot-repair. It did not solve my problem but I got the following output

Please let me know if anyone can fix this. I am lost.

apt command does not cache the .deb files?

When using apt-get to install or upgrade a package, a copy of that package (the .deb file) will be saved in: /var/cache/apt/archives
but when using apt command it's just download and installs the requested package and nothing will be saved in /var/cache/apt/archives.

Is it the default behavior of apt command?
Is there any switch/config to makes apt cache the deb files? (to have a backup of deb files)

I'm running: ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS - With all updates.

What you've reported could be a consequence of a bug filed way back in 2002, apt: apt-get clean should run weekly

The apt package cache grows without bound; "apt-get clean" should be run regularly (a script in /etc/cron.weekly would be fine). Without such a script, apt runs the danger of filling up smaller disks, especially on systems run by less experienced Debian adminstrators.

This was reported fixed in 2016.

However, the code suggested to prevent the automatic removal of .debs after successful installation of the package needed further work as a result of another bug, New option in apt "APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages" is ignored.

The new option "APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages" is ignored in configuration item "Dir::Etc::Parts" and in configuration item "Dir::Etc::Main".

Those interested may read the bugs and also /usr/share/doc/apt/NEWS.Debian.gz on your system (which can be opened by right-clicking and choosing "Open with gedit").

On my fully updated 16.04 LTS, apt policy has:

apt:
  Installed: 1.2.19

  Candidate: 1.2.19

and /usr/share/doc/apt/NEWS.Debian.gz has:

apt (1.2~exp1) experimental; urgency=medium

[ Automatic removal of debs after install ]
After packages are successfully installed by apt(8),

the corresponding .deb package files will be
removed from the /var/cache/apt/archives cache directory.

This can be changed by setting the apt configuration option
"Binary::apt::APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages" to "true".
E.g:

# echo 'Binary::apt::APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages "true";' \ > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01keep-debs

Please note that the behavior of apt-get is unchanged. The

downloaded debs will be kept in the cache directory after
they are installed. To enable the behavior for other tools,
you can set "APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages" to false.

It maybe worth noting that apt is still evolving vis-à-vis apt-get and that users going this route should keep checking to see if code used in previous versions still works in the future.

unity - Desktop empty after login Ubuntu 14.04

I really need someone's help. I don't know what else to do, I've read all forums trying all sort of manipulations without managing to solve my problem.

After my login my desktop is empty. I don't know exactly what happend, everything was working well but I think it was after an upate. I cannot access the terminal with Alt+Ctrl+T only with Alt+Ctrl+Fx.

I'm running under Ubuntu 14.04 LTS with Virtual Box (Windows 8 host).

I've tried (among others) :

unity --replace

and I have the following error :

compiz (core) - Error: Plugin 'opengl' not loaded

I'm not an expert with Linux but I can do some basic stuff. :)

Upgrading LTS to LTS (server) -- why wait for the first point release?

Does anyone know the (specific) reasons that it is recommended that old LTS server users wait until the point release to upgrade? Is it just a matter of bug fixes and waiting for improved stability for production servers, or is there something more fundamental than that?

mouse - 14.10 Image Viewer bug, click>drag pic leaves pointer changed

I just updated from 14.04 to 14.10 yesterday. Today I stumbled on a bug in Image Viewer. Tried to report as per https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/report-ubuntu-bug.html but after "Collecting problem information", it just leads to "The problem cannot be reported. The report belongs to a package which is not installed." So here I am at askubuntu. This was my first time using 'ubuntu-bug', and I was unclear on the correct syntax for the program name, like, case sensitive? space between words, or no space? Either way, I figure I did it right given that "Collecting problem information" launched.

Bug: In Image Viewer, with an image displayed in "fit to screen" size, I left-clicked turning the mouse pointer into a closed-hand 'grabber', and tried to drag the image a bit. The image doesn't move of course, as the whole thing is already displayed. But then releasing the mouse button, the pointer remained like a little thumbnail of the image, but only the lower half. The upper half was 2 pointer arrows, side by side. I could not undo this and get a normal pointer again, until after reboot. Before that, I tried closing Image Viewer, then closing all other programs, then looking at Settings>Mouse... nothing would recover my pointer back to normal, until reboot. I've reproduced this problem 4 times now, needing 4 reboots.

Notably, when viewing an image in full-size where it exceeds the screen res, the grab & drag function works properly- pointer returns to normal after releasing mouse button.

As an unannounced 2-fer here, I'll also note that "Cheese Webcam Booth" would not open at all, resulting in an error message. Trying the same 'ubuntu-bug' report process above resulted in the same "The problem cannot be reported. The report belongs to a package which is not installed" message. But just now I tried launching CWB again, first time since most recent reboot, and it appeared to launch normally.

drivers - nvidia vs. nvidia-updates?

OK, so I haven't find any answer, only one that claims the "nvidia-updates" is newer versions, yet the driver instalator says this:

4 options:

nvidia 331.113,
nvidia-updates 331.113,
legacy nvidia 304.125,
legacy nvidia-updates 304.125

Which one to install? What's the difference between nvidia and nvidia-updates? Since both report as the same version.

Which should I choose? Legacy or non-legacy? Both 331.113 and legacy 304.125 were released at the same day, bot are supported by my card.. Which is GT520M

https://www.nvidia.co.uk/download/driverResults.aspx/80563/en-uk AND
http://www.nvidia.com/download/driverResults.aspx/80133/en-us

They have some common changelogs.. so I'm confused. And new non-legacy drivers are still being developed for this GPU.

And last question. Why the driver is so outdated? It's from 2014.

Stuck at black screen after boot from fresh install, Ubuntu 18.10

Computer Specs

Asus Zenbook UX433FN

i7-8565U

512GB PCIe NVMe, 16GB RAM DDR3

Nvidia MX150 (!)

Background

Just successfully installed Ubuntu 18.10 on my computer (specs above). Secure boot off, fast boot off. Used nomodeset parameter for both install and boot.

Dual boot Windows 10 UEFI.

Partitioned around 230GB for Ubuntu.

Used minimum install and option to install 3rd party drivers.

Problem

After booting up Ubuntu from said fresh install, stuck at black screen with blinking cursor.

Boot options: nomodeset (quiet splash or lack thereof doesn't make a difference)

Most of the solutions advise nomodeset but I already did that... Any help would be appreciated!

Solved, but not sure what helped to solve the issue. Did the following:

1) Added boot options: nomodeset acpi_iso="!Windows 2018"

> Still stuck at black screen

2) Used ctrl-alt-F2 to switch to TTY2 (and thus got terminal)

3) Downloaded proprietary Nvidia drivers as per https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-linux-install-nvidia-driver-latest-proprietary-driver/:

$ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-390

4) Went back to TTY1 (ctrl-alt-F1) > Sadness.

5) Went back to TTY2 (ctrl-alt-F1) > Magic! Worked!

I have no idea what exactly solved the issue, whether it was acpi_iso or the Nvidia drivers, or both, though I suspect the latter made all the difference.

12.04 - How do I add to "system software sources"?

While trying to install fluendo on my Acer C720 running 12.04, I was told to add this to my system software sources:

deb https://mjcohen:1J7knSnNsrDwh7pTGC88@private-ppa.launchpad.net/commercial-ppa-uploaders/fluendo-dvd/ubuntu precise main

How do I do this?

This is on an Acer C720 running 12.04.

14.04 - Will Ubuntu work on this old machine?

I am trying to convert a old desktop into ubuntu (or Debian) machine. I have already looked up the supported hardware list but still have following questions. In order to provide details, here is all the info I have collected on the current hardware on this machine:

• Dell Dimension 3100/E310 with BIOS version A03


• CPU : Processor 80547 Pentium 4 Prescott DT 2.8GHz 800 MHz bus, Hyperthreading capable Intel EM64T (Processor ID 0F49)


• RAM : 1.25GB 533MHz DDR2. I have found reports of others successfully running 4GB, and according to 915G specs at http://ark.intel.com/products/27733/Intel-915G-Graphics-and-Memory-Controller this can take upto 8GB RAM. But, I am not sure if 915G refers to what i find in BIOS as Intel 82915G/GV/910GL Express chipset. Would like confirmation from someone knowledgable about intel chipsets.


• The above link also shows couple of things that I do not understand. It says Supported FSBs:: 533/800MHz, but also says Memory Types:: DDR 333/400, DDR2 400/533. Since I am planning to upgrade RAM, can i buy DDR2 800MHz ? I see DDR3 is selling for even lower prices now a days, but I am not sure if i can use a DDR3 on this.


• The above intel link also says under memory specs, Physical Address Extensions:: 32-bit and I was wondering if this means that I CAN NOT run ubuntu/debian 64 bit versions. I need the 64 bit version of one of these OS installed because I plan to run mongoDB server on this machine, and mongoDB supports only 64 bit versions of these two OS. My understanding of PAE makes me guess that "32-bit" means that it supports more than 4GB memory space and 64 bit architectures.


• Hard Drive: Currently Hitachi 7200rpm SATA 80GB. Under Windows 7 control panel I see that SATA Controller is Intel 82801FB Ultra ATA 2652(and Ultra ATA 266F). Come thanksgiving, I want to get a SSD, but since I do not see AHCI listed anywhere in BIOS, i wonder if this hardware will support SSD.



• Wireless: I currently have 2 wireless N adapters, but not sure if either of them will work under Ubuntu or Debian. First is a Zonet ZEW1642D model PCI card that has RaLink chip RT3062F. Second is a Linksys N300 USB adapter that has been certified for Windows 7, but i do not see linux listed on the box. Do i need to buy a wireless card for this machine and if so, where can i find compatible cards for this hardware ?


• Ubuntu version: I have already looked up the supported hardware list but it says only older versions of Ubuntu were tested on this hardware. Will i be ok with installation of latest Ubuntu/Debian ?


• Goal is to run this machine as a learning machine at home and run simple apps. MongoDB server would be installed but only for learning purposes. Which flavour of linux is recommended - Ubuntu or Debian ? I am mentioning Debian because i read a webpage that said Debian is more suited for server machines. But this is not a industry server, but home machine.


• Video upgrade : Will i get better performance on this, if i upgrade to a PCI video card ? No gaming on this machine, but potentially internet streaming maybe done for Netflix or Hulu movies. Currently my plan is to upgrade to 8GB RAM and SSD as the basics. In today's market prices, this is going to cost me about $150. I am guessing that if Wireless card is needed that would cost another $25 for Ubuntu. So, if i add $50 for a video card, that would bring upgrade costs to about $225. But a newer laptop with SSD+4GB ram is about $350, here in bay area (Toshiba Satellite Radius 11 L15W-B1120, Pentium N3540, 11.6" Convertible Laptop With 4GB, Memory, 128GB SSD, Windows 8.1). I only have to add a wireless card and reformat it for Ubuntu. The only sacrifice here would be the lower 4GB RAM on the laptop. As i finish writing the question, i am starting to wonder if this machine is worth upgrading, but would like to find answers to my questions anyways. This would become the 5th PC i have at home, and wife would object if she saw me getting yet another new laptop :-)

Thanks a bunch for reading my long post.

networking - How to get my wirleless adapter to work with Ubuntu 17.04

I’ve been trying for a couple hours now and I can’t seem to get this to work. I've been searching all over this site and nothing has helped or I’ve tried it and ran into a obstacle. My wireless adapter is connected and is being picked up in the lsusb command but not in the wireless internet connecting box. I have tried so hard to install the drivers onto my Ubuntu system but I can’t since I have no internet and I can’t install git or wine or anything because it just says errors for everything I try to download through terminal. My hotspot doesn’t show up either so I can’t use that as a temporary solution either. The only thing that pops up in my network settings is vpn and wired.

• NetGear Wnda 3100v3 adapter.


• IdVendor 0x0846 NetGear, Inc,


• Idproduct 0x9014

The exact error I am getting for install for example:

E: Package git has no installation candidate.  

For basically everything I try to install through terminal.

And other errors such as

E: unable to locate package https://github.com/jurobystricky
E: could find any package by glob AND regex (same address)

grub2 - How can I show or hide boot messages when Ubuntu starts?

Is there a way to easily turn on/off showing the boot messages (loading the services) when Ubuntu starts? Is it something in Grub2?

I am running 10.04.

You would need to edit the file /etc/default/grub. In this file you'll find an entry called GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT. This entry must be edited to control the display of the splash screen.

The presence of the word splash in this entry enables the splash screen, with condensed text output. Adding quiet as well, results in just the splash screen; which is the default for the desktop edition since 10.04 (Lucid Lynx). In order to enable the "normal" text start up, you would remove both of these.

So, the default for the desktop, (i.e. splash screen only):

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" #Hide text and show splash

For the traditional, text display:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=        #Show text but not the splash

For the splash, but the ability to show the boot messages by pressing Esc:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="splash"

Or, finally, for just a (usually) black screen, try:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=quiet   #Don't show Ubuntu bootup text

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=tty12" #Don't show kernel text

After editing the file, you need to run update-grub.

sudo update-grub

For more details, see this: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2

how to enter GRUB menu during/after start up

After intitial installation, Ubuntu 18.04 boots to blank screen...and I mean blank... no cursor, no splash screen, nothing.

The install process went flawlessly, but after initial reboot, it always boots to a blank screen. I have tried this several times using several different USB sticks from several different download sources.

On this same computer, I have installed Manjaro, Fedora, Opensuse and LMDE without any problems. Debian didn't boot to a blank screen, but the resolution was AFU/unusable. Linux Mint(all DE) gives me the same problem...always boots to a blank screen and no possibility to enter GRUB menu.

My question is, how can I enter the GRUB menu?

I've seen about 75 trillion posts about this on the internet, so this is obviously a common problem, but every suggestion that I've read doesn't work for me.

I've tried -- escape, space, shift(both) repeatedly pressing and/or holding down, nothing has worked.

I'm not ranting here, and I understand/appreciate all of the effort/work that has gone into all Linux distros, butI have to ask myself...why in the hell isn't the GRUB menu defaulted to display upon start-up in case people have any problems?? Surely this would save a boatload of posts on many forums...I have been on many and read many similar problems, but never a DEFINITIVE solution.

Like I said, I appreciate all of the hard work that has ggone into these distros- but sometimes I think they're not helping themselves...maybe a sticky of some kind when you download Ubuntu, Mint, Debian, "if system boots to blank screen" do this; with specific terminal commands.

If it don't work, it don't work.

Thanks for your help

installation - Not Getting OS Selection menu after Boot-Repair

I had Ubuntu 12.04 pre-installed on my laptop with /home partition of about 246GB (and all other partitions like / and /boot etc. with variable sizes).
I shrinked the drive and made a new one of 100GB from /home and installed windows 8 there. After that Grub menu was not being shown as obvious.

Then I booted live cd (same Ubuntu 12.04) and did "recommended repair" by boot-repair. It said everything went fine but when I start the system, Grub does not show the option to select windows OS.

Only those, with Linux-generic and recovery kind of options, but not Windows Loader.

Here is the log file from boot-repair.

• From the screenshot,it was clearly shown that you installed Windows on a logical partition.Windows doesn't boot from a logical partition,it only boots from a primary partition.





• So delete /dev/sda8 and install windows on a primary partition other than extended partition.




• For this,follow the below steps.

  
  
  
  
  

  1. Boot ubuntu-live-disk(so that your ubuntu partition will be unmounted and you will be able to resize it) and install gparted by running the below commands on terminal,

     
     
     

     sudo apt-get update
     sudo apt-get install gparted && sudo gparted
     

  
  

  2. Right click on the /dev/sda8 ntfs partition and delete it by selecting delete option.

  
  
  

  3. Now the unallocated spaces before and after /dev/sda8 combine into one.(unallocated space= 3.74 MB+100.09 GB+4.74MB).

  
  

  4. Then you have to move the total unallocated space,just below to the /dev/sda7 linux-swap partition,so that the total unallocated space will be throw out of the extended partition.For this,

  
  

  5. Right click on the dev/sda6 and select Resize/Move option.Click on the slider and move it to the left atmost.

  
  

  6. Now the unallocated space comes just below to the /dev/sda6.

     
     
     

     

  
  

  7. Try the same like i did on step 5 to move the unallocated space just below to the /dev/sda7 linux swap partition.

  
  

  8. Now the total unallocated space of about 100 GB are comes at the last of the extended partition.Now right-click on the extended partition and click on the Resize/Move option then you can be able to shrink or shorten the extended partition to throw 100 GB unallocated space out of the extended partition.

  
  

  9. Right click on the unallocated space just below to the extended partition and select New option.

  
  

  10. From that create a new primary ntfs partition.And then install Windows os on it.