Wednesday, June 21, 2017

kernel - Can't upgrade due to low disk space on /boot



I try to do do-release-upgrade
but then I get:




Not enough free disk space



The upgrade has aborted. The upgrade needs a total of 25.7 M free

space on disk '/boot'. Please free at least an additional 25.7 M of
disk space on '/boot'. Empty your trash and remove temporary packages
of former installations using 'sudo apt-get clean'.




Output of df:



                    237251272 214797108  10402504  96% /
udev 488120 4 488116 1% /dev
tmpfs 198676 668 198008 1% /run

none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
none 496684 0 496684 0% /run/shm
/dev/sda1 233191 225867 0 100% /boot


How come there is no space left on boot? Here's the output of ls -as /boot:



total 221839
4 .
4 ..

645 abi-2.6.32-34-generic-pae
698 abi-2.6.35-30-generic-pae
727 abi-2.6.38-12-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-12-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-13-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-14-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-15-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-16-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-17-generic-pae
727 abi-3.0.0-19-generic-pae

761 abi-3.0.0-20-generic-pae
115 config-2.6.32-34-generic-pae
128 config-2.6.35-30-generic-pae
136 config-2.6.38-12-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-12-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-13-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-14-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-15-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-16-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-17-generic-pae

140 config-3.0.0-19-generic-pae
140 config-3.0.0-20-generic-pae
5 grub
10773 initrd.img-2.6.32-34-generic-pae
13619 initrd.img-2.6.35-30-generic-pae
15365 initrd.img-2.6.38-12-generic-pae
16481 initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic-pae
16487 initrd.img-3.0.0-13-generic-pae
16501 initrd.img-3.0.0-14-generic-pae
16476 initrd.img-3.0.0-15-generic-pae

16481 initrd.img-3.0.0-16-generic-pae
16478 initrd.img-3.0.0-17-generic-pae
12 lost+found
174 memtest86+.bin
176 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
1700 System.map-2.6.32-34-generic-pae
1841 System.map-2.6.35-30-generic-pae
2115 System.map-2.6.38-12-generic-pae
2141 System.map-3.0.0-12-generic-pae
2141 System.map-3.0.0-13-generic-pae

2143 System.map-3.0.0-14-generic-pae
2146 System.map-3.0.0-15-generic-pae
2147 System.map-3.0.0-16-generic-pae
2147 System.map-3.0.0-17-generic-pae
2148 System.map-3.0.0-19-generic-pae
2149 System.map-3.0.0-20-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-2.6.32-34-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-2.6.35-30-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-12-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-12-generic-pae

2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-13-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-14-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-15-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-16-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-17-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-19-generic-pae
2 vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-20-generic-pae
4092 vmlinuz-2.6.32-34-generic-pae
4347 vmlinuz-2.6.35-30-generic-pae
4567 vmlinuz-2.6.38-12-generic-pae

4675 vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic-pae
4676 vmlinuz-3.0.0-13-generic-pae
4681 vmlinuz-3.0.0-14-generic-pae
4698 vmlinuz-3.0.0-15-generic-pae
4700 vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-generic-pae
4700 vmlinuz-3.0.0-17-generic-pae
4703 vmlinuz-3.0.0-19-generic-pae
4705 vmlinuz-3.0.0-20-generic-pae



Output of uname -a:



 Linux kitsch 3.0.0-17-generic-pae #30-Ubuntu SMP Thu Mar 8 17:53:35 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux


Your /boot partition is filled with old kernels. It does that sometimes, not sure why it is never fixed. You can easily remove the old kernels if you know which packages they came in.



First check uname -a to check your current version.



Then run the following command:




dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d'


This command will list all packages that you no longer need. I don't like removing them automatically, I like to be in control when it comes to removing kernels. So for every package listed do the following:



sudo apt-get -y purge some-kernel-package


Intermezzo




This intermezzo describes in more detail how the commands work and tries to fix an issue with linux-libc-dev:amd64. Most users can skip this paragraph.




  • dpkg -l 'linux-*' list all packages that have a name starting with 'linux-'

  • sed '/^ii/!d; remove all lines that do *not* start withii`

  • uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/" find the current running kernel version

  • /'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d Remove all lines, except the ones containing the current running kernel version number

  • s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/ For each line list only the package name

  • /[0-9]/!d Remove lines that do not contain numbers.




To fix Frederick Nord's issue I think the command can be amended as follows:



dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d;/^linux-\(headers\|image\)/!d'


It basically adds an extra filter:





  • /^linux-(headers\|image)/!d Delete all lines that do not start with linux-headers or linux-image



/Intermezzo



Where some-kernel-package can be replaced with one of the packages listed. Just beware that you don't remove the kernel packages that are in current use (as listed by the uname -a) eg. sudo apt-get purge -y linux-headers-3.0.0-12 etc.



It can be automated further using the xargs command, but I don't like that. It is a personal thing. However, here's the command to do so:



dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge



This is what my /boot looks like, one spare kernel (2.6.38-11) just in case and 3.2.0-24 being current:



$ ls -l /boot
total 59388
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 730545 Sep 13 2011 abi-2.6.38-11-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 791023 Apr 25 13:51 abi-3.2.0-24-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 130326 Sep 13 2011 config-2.6.38-11-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 140341 Apr 25 13:51 config-3.2.0-24-generic

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 5120 May 27 17:46 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20883146 Oct 1 2011 initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22474219 May 5 09:04 initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Apr 16 2009 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176764 Nov 27 11:00 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178944 Nov 27 11:00 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw------- 1 root root 2656297 Sep 13 2011 System.map-2.6.38-11-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 2884358 Apr 25 13:51 System.map-3.2.0-24-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 1369 Sep 13 2011 vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-11-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 4526784 Sep 13 2011 vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic

-rw------- 1 root root 4965776 Apr 25 13:51 vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic


And file system usage:



$ df -h /boot
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted
/dev/sda5 228M 63M 154M 29% /boot

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