11.10 - Could not resolve archive.ubuntu.com when reinstalling xorg

I managed to uninstall xserver-xorg completely, and now all I see when booting Ubuntu is a blank screen. I've tried reinstalling it through shell prompt (recovery mode) but every time I get errors similar to

Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/x/xorg/xserver-xorg-input-all_7.6+7ubuntu7_amd64.deb Could not resolve 'archive.ubuntu.com'

I get similar (not exactly the same though) errors when running apt-get update or try to repair broken packages in recovery mode. It's not just acrhive.ubuntu.com which can't be resolved, it's also se.archive.ubuntu.com, repository.spotify.com, archive.canonical.com among others.

The Ubuntu desktop is not accessible, I can only make changes through the terminal in recovery mode, or through a bootable USB.

I'm running 64bit Ubuntu 11.10 with hybrid graphics (Intel HD and AMD).

I tried adding

nameserver 8.8.8.8

to my /etc/resolv.conf file but it made no difference. Updating the hosts file like this didn't help either.

Running

ping google.com

returns

ping: unknown host google.com

It seems I'm not even connected to any network, I will start investigating this right now.

apt.log & sources.list

What should I do?

I got it working by downloading some of the packages I needed through a bootable USB, and then installing them in shell prompt (Recovery mode).

I don't know exactly what packages fixed my computer, but I think the ones I tried was:

• xserver-xorg-video-all


• xserver-xorg-video-intel


• xserver-xorg-video-openchrome


• xserver-xorg-input-evdev


• xserver-xorg-video


• xserver-xorg

After installing these, I could finally boot the computer into a semi-working state (some graphical bugs) and install updates to fully get xorg working again.

Lukens solution with a network cable seems more intelligent now though..

i'm trying to update my ubuntu 14.04 to 15.04

well I'm trying to Update my ubuntu to 15.04 but I can't that I got this :

Checking for a new Ubuntu release
Err Upgrade tool signature
404 Not Found
Err Upgrade tool
404 Not Found
Fetched 0 B in 0s (0 B/s)
WARNING:root:file 'utopic.tar.gz.gpg' missing
Failed to fetch
Fetching the upgrade failed. There may be a network problem.

so I went to meta-release and tried to add old-release.ubuntu but still no working ??

lenovo - Nvidia Optimus support (ThinkPad E470)

I would like to run Ubuntu on my new Thinkpad E470. Is Nvidia Optimus supported? It used to be that you would have to run the proprietary drivers with the dGPU enabled always instead of using the iGPU. Has the situation improved, especially regarding battery life? If possible I would just run with the iGPU as I don't plan to do any gaming. Would I just refrain from installing the proprietary driver to achieve this?

If you only want to use your Intel card, your best bet is to enter your BIOS/UEFI configuration and set the option for using only the iGPU. However, if you think you will want to use the Nvidia card too (e.g. for SuperTuxKart), your best bet seems to be Bumblebee. Bumblebee runs everything on the iGPU by default, and you can run specific applications on the dGPU by prefixing the command with optirun, e.g. optirun supertuxkart. Install it by running:

sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia primus nvidia-340

(You may want to use a newer version of the Nvidia drivers, just change 340 to whatever version you want.)

Alternatively, you could just use nvidia-prime, which allows switching between the GPUs using sudo prime-select (intel/nvidia), but this solution requires a reboot after switching for the changes to take affect. (and who wants to reboot just to play a few minutes of SuperTuxKart?)

Relevant links:

Do I need to install Bumblebee for Hybrid Graphics system to enable Optimus on Ubuntu 16.04?

How to set up nVidia Optimus/Bumblebee in 14.04 (note that the UI mentioned in the top answer no longer exists)

https://bumblebee-project.org/

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Bumblebee

http://www.dell.com/support/article/us/en/4/SLN298431/a-guide-to-nvidia-optimus-on-dell-pcs-with-an-ubuntu-operating-system?lang=EN (shows how to use nvidia-prime)

Software Center is not opening, and sudo apt-get update is not working

I got the following error when trying to run sudo apt-get update in Ubuntu 16.04.

predator@kmb:~$ sudo apt-get update
[sudo] password for predator:
E: Type 'E: The list of sources could not be read.
predator@kmb:~$

How to install postgresql 9.1 on ubuntu 12.04 by adding repository?

I installed postgresql using

sudo apt-get install postgresql-9.1 postgresql-9.1-contrib postgresql-9.1-postgis

then due to some reasons I need to uninstall postgresql from my system.
And uninstalled using:

sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql stop
sudo apt-get --purge remove postgresql\*
sudo rm -r /etc/postgresql/
sudo rm -r /etc/postgresql-common/
sudo rm -r /var/lib/postgresql/
userdel -r postgres
sudo userdel -r postgres
sudo groupdel postgres

Now I want to install the same version again, but there is no repository found. How could I add repo & install?

cat /etc/apt/sources.list gives:

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release i386 (20130213)]/ precise main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
# deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
# deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
# deb http://qgis.org/debian precise main
# deb-src http://qgis.org/debian precise main
deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed restricted main multiverse universe

And apt-cache policy postgresql gives:

N: Unable to locate package postgresql

sudo apt-get update:

Get:1 http://archive.canonical.com precise Release.gpg [2,839 B]
Get:2 http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg [2,829 B]
Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg [2,839 B]
Get:4 http://archive.canonical.com precise Release [2,835 B]
Get:5 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release.gpg [2,847 B]
Get:6 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports Release.gpg [2,849 B]
Get:7 http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release [2,825 B]
Get:8 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [2,856 B]
Get:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [2,865 B]
Get:10 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg [2,848 B]
Get:11 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com precise-proposed Release.gpg [2,848 B]
Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise Release
E: GPG error: http://archive.canonical.com precise Release: The following signatures were invalid: NODATA 1 NODATA 2

partitioning - Installing Ubuntu with Windows, which is left and right when allocating space?

I'm installing Ubuntu (or Xubuntu/Lubuntu/Kubuntu) alongside Windows 7/XP. I got to the screen that says, "Allocate drive space by dragging the slider below." On the following screen, I'm not sure whether the right side or the left side is for Ubuntu or for Windows. Which side is which?

Screenshot for Ubuntu: (see here for Lubuntu)

Your existing partition (Windows) is on the left, Ubuntu is on the right. That's the standard order when shrinking one partition to create another for dual-booting.

• For Ubuntu, it's like this:

  
  
  

  




• For Lubuntu, like this:

  
  
  

  

Here is the bug report:

apt - Can't install Steam dependencies on Ubuntu 19.04

I just upgraded Kubuntu with an iso, trying to install Steam i get this:

Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading > state
information... Done Some packages could not be installed. This > may
mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are >
using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not >
yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following >
information may help to resolve the situation: The following >
packages have unmet dependencies. steam:i386 : Depends: >
libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 but it is not going to be installed > Recommends:
nvidia-driver-libs-i386:i386 but it is not installable E: Unable to
correct problems, you have held broken > packages.

========================================================================

I had newer Mesa drivers from Paulo's PPA, i uninstalled 'em and removed the PPA, then reinstalled Mesa.
I tried this: How do I resolve unmet dependencies after adding a PPA?

bug reporting - How do I report a bug directly to Skype?

Skype supplies updated packages for Ubuntu via their website and via their partner repository in Ubuntu.

How do I report a bug directly to the Skype team? Is the Launchpad packaging team the same that supplies the packages for the Skype website?

Lets say I have installed the latest version of Skype from their website and I stop fishy behavior, were do I report it?

ie: this question is about the package downloaded directly from the Skype site, how do I report that as a bug?

12.04 - How to install Ubuntu OS Having already installed Windows

I am a user of Windows OS. Recently I came to know about Free OS and many other utilities offered by Ubuntu.
I have downloaded Ubuntu ISO file and Windows installer and saved on my USB stick. Now what to do ahead.
Please guide

Motion Computing LE1600 touchscreen functions unavailable in 14.04

I recently obtained a Motion Computing LE1600 that I replaced Windows XP with Ubuntu 14.04 on today, and I can not seem to get the touchscreen functions to work properly. Is there anything that can be done to rectify this issue?

Adding Debian Sid as Package Repository?

I am running 12.04 Precise beta (upgraded from 11.10 Oneiric) and I added the following line to my /etc/apt/source.list:

deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free

In order to get a newer version of a package (octave 3.6) that I needed but was not available in the precise repository.

This worked fine, but now when I want to upgrade there is a large number of packages that need to get updated. I assume this is because sid has newer versions of many of the packages than precise.

I've temporarily disabled the sid repository, and this works fine - however I am curious to know what would happen if I allowed all those upgrades to go through? Would it break my system? Are the structures of Ubuntu Precise and Debian Sid repositories fundamentally different somehow?

You're mixing two different distributions' packages together. For various reasons, this is a bad idea:

• Security.




• Stability.




• Conflicting updates, which you have right now.




• If you let above updates go through, you encounter the first two problems, and then you're in deep trouble if say, as an example a kernel update comes through!

Also, this makes getting an accurate bug report or stacktrace almost impossible, if not entirely impossible.

In short, if you need Debian sid, run sid. Otherwise, run Ubuntu, and just add newer software you want to via a PPA or backports.

More explanations here:

boot - Booting my laptop with Ubuntu live USB (try) but not with an USB Installed Ubuntu ¿?

First of all to notice that my question is about why Installed Ubuntu in a usb key does'nt boot and Try Ubuntu Live does. And why it boots in one laptop and not in another. I didn't found any similar question, so this one is not duplicated question....

I've created a bootable USB key drive (1), from an Ubuntu 18 installed in my desktop computer, using the "Startup Disk Creator" tool

With this USB Key I'm able to boot my laptop (HP Probook 430 G5), and I get a grub menu and I can select Try Ubuntu without install or Install ubuntu, etc. It runs OK.

But I'm not able to boot the same laptop with another USB Key (2) with Ubuntu Installed from the first USB Key (1) using the Install Ubuntu menu option, or booting firts USB Key (1) with Try Ubuntu and then running "Install ubuntu"...
It gets me into Bios setup again and again without booting (selecting to boot with USB Key (2) and USB Key (1) removed.

I've checked that this second USB Key (2) in another laptop (HP Probook 430 G2) and IT BOOTS OK ¿? what's wrong?

I've tried also to use different USB Keys (i've tried 3 different for both (1 and 2).

Why the 'try ubuntu' usb key (1) boots OK and the installed ubuntu one (2) does not?
Anyone here is able to help me?

installation - Is this the correct 12.04. download?

I have an intel i5 chip. Yesterday I visited http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop and selected the 64-bit download option from the menu. The file which downloaded has the suffix '-amd64'. Is this going to work on my intel chip?

Yep. Sure will. I have to spend thirty characters saying "yes" here. So, "yes". :)

apt - PPA spring cleaning --- list packages installed from a PPA?

This is a Q&A-style thing --- hoping to help you in this period of new LTS release(s). There are a lot of links in this post, follow them and upvote them to give the authors the relevant kudos.

It is often suggested to remove or purge all of your PPAs when doing a version upgrade; I often have a lot of troubles remembering which PPA are installed and which packages are "owned" by a particular PPA --- you sometime install a PPA but that does not mean that you have installed all packages from it.

For the list of PPA there are quite a lot of good scripts around; and for discovering the packages really installed from a PPA you can use apt-cache policy or similar commands.

But --- what about a one-stop script to list all your installed PPAs and all the packages you have installed from them?

uninstall - apt-get -- remove triggers a package install?

I want to remove and purge apache2 - Why does this trigger an install of php5-cgi ?

sudo apt-get --purge remove apache2

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done

The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  linux-headers-3.19.0-20 linux-headers-3.19.0-20-generic linux-image-3.19.0-20-generic linux-image-extra-3.19.0-20-generic linux-signed-image-3.19.0-20-generic linux-tools-3.19.0-20
  linux-tools-3.19.0-20-generic
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
  php5-cgi
Suggested packages:
  php-pear
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  apache2* libapache2-mod-php5*

The following NEW packages will be installed:
  php5-cgi
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 2 to remove and 15 not upgraded.
Need to get 4,419 kB of archives.
After this operation, 8,152 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] n
Abort.

When I issued above it did infact install that new package !!! I would not think its an alternative

The package php5 depends on having either apache2 or cgi installed.

The two main options to satisfy this dependency is either libapache2-mod-php5 or php5-cgi.

If you remove one, the system will install the other, otherwise php5 would have an unmet dependency.

You can see the dependencies at php5 in the Ubuntu packages database.

Where do I need to change "Ubuntu" when naming my own custom distribution?

i am building my own distro (which i am almost done) but one thing left is the name of it. since i am not sure what to name it im leaving the "ubuntu" there

i know i will have to change the following files

• /etc/lsb-release


• /etc/issue

to my own name and version and code name. am i missing other files?

(on my site it shows it's an ubuntu version - i read the tm etc... but i want the name of my distro to be there)
thanks

Here's my two cents about this:

You can try to change the name of the distribution but be careful, if you change something wrong, you might encounter problems while installing or later when you will use it. But if your absolutely need to change it here's what you can try:

The two you provided are correct (you can also update /etc/issue.net just to be sure). The other thing you can do is this:

Open the ISO (ISO Master) file and go to the folder called .disk. In there is a file called info. The release name is there and can be changed. view this post.

This should change the name of your distribution.

If that does not work, you can change the following files:

NOTE: the location might change depending the version you are using and file might be not found as well

• /boot/grub/grub.cfg


• /etc/grub.d/00_header


• /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme


• /usr/share/yelp/ (all files & all sub folders)


• /var/run/motd


• /etc/motd



• /etc/update-motd.d/10-help-text


• /lib/init/rw/motd


• /etc/gdm/failsafeXinit


• /etc/samba/smb.conf


• /usr/share/gnome-about/gnome-version.xml


• /usr/share/pyshared/usbcreator/install.py


• /usr/bin/grub-mkrescue


• /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/config.h


• /usr/sbin/grub-install.real


• /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig



• /usr/sbin/grub-mknetdir


• /usr/sbin/grub-reboot


• /usr/sbin/grub-set-default

good luck!

partitioning - Ubuntu Disk Partition

Well, i recently installed Ubuntu 14.04 in a HDD of 640 GB capacity. After the installation, I decided that i should partition my HDD so to have on the one partition the os and some other files (320 gb) and save to the other partition my video-edit works (320 gb). And I did so using the Ubuntu 14.04 live cd and gparted. I formatted the new disk part "with" ext4. But then something wird happened: While i am using ubuntu without any problem, i cannot edit the second partition, which means that i can't save or create something there! Ubuntu says that I am not the owner!! Why?? I need to solve this immediately!

EDIT: Both of these two solutions below worked for me! However, faster way proved to be the one I have chosen!

Type

 mount

in terminal and find the partition which you want to change ownership

my output looks like

if I want to change ownership of partition /dev/sd8 which is a ext4 partition and mounted on /media/bibi/films

you can also check ownership of mounted partitions with command

 ll /media/bibi

as you can see my films folder is owned by root

To change the ownership I have to run

sudo chown -R bibi:bibi /media/bibi/film

you have to substitute bibi with your user name

It is explained here http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1137537

server - What version was installed? x64 or i686? What's the difference exactly?

Okay, so heres my problem.
I recently started migrating several services to individual VMs on my box, using VirtualBox 4.1.

I created a new VirtualBox VM with guest type "Ubuntu (64 Bit)". I've already done this before and it worked like a charm.

I then installed Ubuntu server (12.04) from the exact same dvd image. All the time I thought that it should have installed x64.

I already put a few hours work into the new VM, migrating the webserver and mail system etc.
Today I tried installing a x64 piece of software and it suddenly told me that it needed x64 and I had only i686.

I checked uname -a and this is what it gave me:

Linux hostname 3.2.0-29-generic-pae #46-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 27 17:25:43 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

Any guesses what went wrong? All the time I was thinking I had a x64 system.

Any way to move to a "real" x64?

I have a second VM on this host which is running x64 just fine ..

P.S.: grep --color=always -iw lm /proc/cpuinfo returns lm among the flags.

boot - Live usb does not work!

Unfortunately, I am not able to setup up Ubuntu on my system as I am having trouble creating a functional live usb. I have downloaded the installer and the iso from the Ubuntu download page and have created the usb but when it tries to boot up it stays stuck on "SYSLINUX 4.07 EDD 2013-07-25 Copyright (C) 1994-2013 H. Peter Anvin et al" and just hangs till I restart it.

I have formatted my usb drive to FAT32
I am running on Windows 8.1 with secure boot disabled
I am trying to install the latest Ubuntu version 14.04 (dual boot)

11.04 - Will upgrading disrupt online backup software (Crashplan)?

Has anyone had any experience upgrading to Ubuntu 11.04, and how this might affect online backup software processes? Specifically, I'm currently running Ubuntu 10.10 and using Crashplan v3. Crashplan backup engine runs constantly in the background to monitor files for changes and back up accordingly.

Will upgrading to Ubuntu 11.04 affect any of the Crashplan backup process? Has anyone done this successfully? I'd like to upgrade to the latest and greatest Ubuntu release, but not at the risk of affecting the backup, or worse, having to start from scratch again and upload the entire library!

live usb - How to check version of ubuntu bootable USB

I'm now on desktop Ubuntu 15.10 and I have some bootable USB drive. I'm pretty sure, that on the stick is installed another Ubuntu system, but I can't remember which version it is. Can I find it somewhere in files on this USB, or with some command?

I don't want to reboot only for this check.

Thanks.

If its from unetbootin, then the lines at the end of ubnfilel.txt tells which version it installs.

How to create a persistent USB Installation from MAC?

With current instructions in ubuntu.com I know how to create an USB to boot from MAC. It works but it is not a persistent installation.

How can I make a persistent Ubuntu 13.4 Installation in a USB Key to work in MAC Book air?

partitioning - How to get rid of a zero-size invisible partition left after deleting Windows boot partition

Computers sold with pre-installed Windows 7 have a small "System Reserved" boot partition at the beginning of the disk which is not really necessary as Windows can boot alone or alongside Ubuntu without this. So I've decided to remove it from a couple of machines which went OK (except the extra effort of moving/resizing partitions to the left and sometimes having to repair Windows boot manager).

In one of the machines, however, I was surprised to see that the new partition numbers start from 2 in GParted. And the output of fdisk -l is like this:

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb2   *        2048    52426751    26212352    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb3        52426752   942684159   445128704    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb4       942684160   976773119    17044480   12  Compaq diagnostics

It took me some time to discover that the reason for this was the fact that somehow a zero-size invisible partition was left after I deleted that partition as seen in the output of sfdisk -l below:

   Device Boot Start     End   #cyls    #blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1          0       -       0          0    0  Empty
/dev/sdb2   *      0+   3263-   3264-  26212352    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

/dev/sdb3       3263+  58679-  55416- 445128704    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb4      58679+  60801-   2122-  17044480   12  Compaq diagnostics

Apart from the unseemly partition numbering, I'm curious to know how I can ged rid of this weird partition?

You can't, because it's not there. On an MBR disk, there are always precisely four primary partition entries, but some of them can be unused. The sfdisk -l command you used lists all of these entries, even if they're unused. In other words, sfdisk -l is showing a "ghost" entry -- the data structures are present, but they don't define a partition. You could shift the numbers so that you've got partitions 1-3 rather than 2-4, but then using sfdisk -l would show a similar "ghost" partition #4. This is not an error, a bug, or a problem; it's just the way the MBR data structures are defined.

I mentioned you can shift the partition numbers. AFAIK, this is awkward to do with fdisk, sfdisk, or parted, and you also risk rendering Windows unbootable if you try, since Windows can be fussy about its partitions. Thus, I don't recommend you try; just live with the fact that your partitions begin with #2. If, however, this bugs you enough to risk an unbootable Windows installation, you could try my FixParts program. It includes an s option that sorts the partitions; that should shift their numbers down by 1. If you try this and Windows doesn't boot, though, I can't help you, since I'm not a Windows expert.

12.04 - What does x86 mean for installing a new hardware enablement (HWE) stack in 64 bit Ubuntu

I'd like to install 13.10 (Saucy) hardware enablement (HWE) stack to my Ubuntu 12.04 (64-bit) because I need a newer Linux kernel.

This wiki page explains what "hardware enablement stacks" are. Among other things it says:

Only the -generic x86 kernel flavor ... will be supported...

Also, this answer says:

...This is only recommended for x86 hardware installations...

Is x86 here synonymous to 32-bit/i386 architecture (but not 64-bit/AMD64), or is it i386/AMD64 (but not ARM)?

Can I install this "hardware enablement stack" in a 64-bit/AMD64 Ubuntu? Will it be supported with future updates?

Yes, x86 means amd64 or i386. The reference only the -generic kernel flavor refers to the various kernel packages available; "generic" is the regular kernel, but there are also kernels optimised for virtual machines and low latency, and those other kernels are not supported by the hardware enablement stack.

installation - Installing fonts for a specific program

I have to install the following fonts on Ubuntu for a program to run:

# Here starts the Tk part...
#my $qfont=$tl->X11Font('-*-new century schoolbook-medium-r-*--40-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1');
#my $qfont=$tl->X11Font('-monotype-arial-medium-r-*-*-50-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*');
my $qfont=$tl->X11Font('-*-freesans-medium-r-*-*-50-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*');
print "Question-Font:\n$qfont\n" if ($debug);

#my $tfont=$tl->X11Font('-*-helvetica-medium-r-*--30-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1');
#my $tfont=$tl->X11Font('-bitstream-*-medium-r-*-*-45-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1');
my $tfont=$tl->X11Font('-*-freesans-medium-r-*-*-40-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*');

print "Title-Font:\n$tfont\n" if($debug);

#my $sfont=$tl->X11Font('-*-freemono-medium-r-*-*-10-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*');
my $sfont=$tl->X11Font('-*-freesans-medium-r-*-*-20-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*');
print "Small-Font:\n$sfont\n" if($debug);

my $fixedfont=$tl->X11Font('-*-freemono-medium-r-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*');
print "Fixed-Font:\n$fixedfont\n" if($debug);

my $utf8font=$tl->X11Font('-*-freemono-medium-r-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*');

print "UTF8-Font:\n$utf8font\n" if($debug);

I extracted this from the program sourcecode. Could you please tell me how to install these fonts?

Consequences of using apt-get in ubuntu touch

I have just received my BQ Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu edition.
I have been playing around with it and find that it is just what I expected it to be.

One of the great things about it is a full ubuntu stack, including package management. I would like to start using apt-get to install stuff such as htop, python2, openvpn, among others.

However, I have reached the apt-get Unable to write to /var/cache/apt The Package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened error.
I understand (Ubuntu Touch using apt-get) that this is due to the "/" partition being mounted as ro, and apt-get needs it to be rw in order to work.

Here (Install with sudo app-get install doesn't work, "Not using locking for read only file /var/lib/dpkg/lock") is how you can work around the problem, with the following command sudo mount -o remount,rw /. <--- May be a bad idea. See evergreen's answer for a more complete and safe way to enable rw mode.

What I would like to know is what are the consequences of mounting "/" as rw.
I have read that it will for starters stop the OTA updates, with which I'm perfectly OK as long as I can keep my system up-to-date using apt-get.
However, I ave also read (https://askubuntu.com/a/583439/264601) other kinds of horror stories.

So my 2 questions are:

1. Will I be able to keep my system up-to-date using just apt-get?


2. Other than disabling OTA updates, what other consequences should I expect?

Thank you very much for your answers!

1. No (but it will feel like yes for a while)

If you enable rw on / and start modifying it, nothing disables the delivery of OTA updates. So when they arrive, they will be offered to you for install, as before.

However, the OTA process does a very simple thing to the filesystem. It just untars a large set of files on top of the filesystem you have. Since it knows (because it should be ro) the previous filesystem, this is simply a set of the files that have changed.

So you are gambling. Do the changes you have made cause side effects when this happens? In general, yes. In general, you will have modified some file in the / filesystem, and added software that depends on that change. When an OTA is installed, that change will be removed, and potentially replaced with a conflicting change. At this point, what happens next is unknowable, and certainly untested.

So, in practice, some apt-get installs will largely add software in parallel to the existing files, so will not be much impacted by an OTA. However, one file set will certainly be impacted - apt's own record keeping (OTA's deliver the records used in construction of the ro filesystem). So your system will lose the knowledge of what is there, and what is not.

This is the core danger with apt-get upgrade. It will always be performed with an incorrect database of what is on the device, so it cannot be guaranteed to succeed. As your additions become more complex, and as the underlying system makes major transitions (such as when the phones moved from Utopic to Vivid), apt-get run by hand will do the wrong thing.

Every OTA then becomes a gamble, until you perform a wipe & reinstall.

2. Your system will become slowly broken - see above.

partitioning - Lost all the data after installing Ubuntu 12.10

I installed Ubuntu 12.10 on my Laptop. While installing two options were available:

1. Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7




2. Replace windows 7

My Laptop had 3 drives. Windows 7 was installed on C: drive and there was data on other two drives. I chose option to Replace Windows 7.

But now in Ubuntu, there is only one drive. Its size is approximately equals the hard-disk size and it is almost free, so it seems like all the data is lost.

Could anyone please help me on this? Would it be possible to recover the lost data?

10.04 - Install ubuntu 14.04 using pen drive

I am using Ubuntu 10.04 ! i want to to install Ubuntu 14.04. But i don't have Ubuntu CD.

I know we can use flash drive to install Ubuntu 14.04 But don't know how. (I have seen by brother doing that, i have asked him how to do it but reply was find it out yourself.)

So please anyone can give me step wise instruction how to use simple flash drive to install ubuntu 14.04

If I were you I'd use a small program called Unetbootin, it allows you to install any OS from a pendrive. Go here (http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/) and download the Linux version or instead you can use the terminal to install it:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gezakovacs/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install unetbootin

Next, you need to plug your pendrive and download Ubuntu from the Ubuntu website then save the file on a folder or on the desktok.

Then you run Unetbootin (it might ask you to run it as sudo, just enter your password), select the second option and browse to your ISO file and press OK. If your pen drive has enough space this should work, I use an 8GB pen drive.

Finally you restart your computer and go to the BIOS and select external media boot as the first one and install Ubuntu.

dual boot - Installing 12.04 alongside windows 7

Trying to install Ubuntu 12.04 alongside windows 7 home. However when I get the installation option it says that there are already multiple os installed and it dosn't give *me the option to install Ubuntu alongside windows.*

The problem is that I have no other OS installed.

No my question hasnt been answered at
Installing Ubuntu with Windows, which is left and right when allocating space? 5 answers

My question has nothing to do with which is left and right when allocating space?

Please read question before posting an unrelated answer

software recommendation - MySQL Automatic backup tools

I use back-in-time for backuping up my projects. but my Database's are not included. I'd like to backup all database's scheduling by day or hours. Is there any tool to backup MySQL automatically?

MySQL Admin (discontinued - was available in natty) has a backup tool with a (basic) scheduler to make backups on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis. It is even included in Ubuntu: mysql-admin.

Random image from the web:

My favourite way ofcourse is command line and I found a backup script on UF.

#!/bin/bash
#Script to make a regular copy of a mysql database and gzip it into the SAVEDIR.
USER="authorized_user"
PASSWORD="the_password"
DATABASE="database_name"
SAVEDIR="/backup"
/usr/bin/nice -n 19 /usr/bin/mysqldump -u $USER --password=$PASSWORD --default-character-set=utf8 $DATABASE -c | /usr/bin/nice -n 19 /bin/gzip -9 > $SAVEDIR/$DATABASE-$(date '+%Y%m%d-%H').sql.gz

Edit the varibles, save it as .bkup.sh and run it in a crontab, then you have an automatic mysql backup. All the code for this script explained here. Kudos to kat_ams.

11.04 - unity only works the first boot

Ubuntu 11.04 Unity works fine when booted to try out from CD. After install, Unity works the first login but not after that. Classic doesn't work either. I can only use Classic no-effects.

Why does unity only work when booted from CD?

I have an Inspiron 1721, AMD Turion 64, ATI Radeon graphics.

BTW: Ubuntu 10.04 worked fine.

14.04 - Problems setting up/using dwww

I have installed dwww and I am able to display the home page ("ubuntudesktop/dwww"). When I try to access specific documents most of the time an error is displayed. Example trying to access bc man page displays "The requested URL /cgi-bin/dwww/usr/share/man/man1/bc.1.gz was not found on this server.". From the Debian Documentation Menu , when I try to access the "install-docs Manual" I get the following error "The requested URL /cgi-bin/dwww/usr/share/doc/doc-base/install-docs.html was not found on this server.". I haven't been able to find documentation that helps me fix the problem. Any suggestions on how to get dwww too to work correctly would be greatly appreciated.

11.04 - Unity crashed, how can I report that to developers?

im on ubuntu natty and experiencing some weird random restarts of unity. This started happening after i installed conky and set compiz to remove its shadow. The restarting could possibly be attributed to that.

I did on the otherhand remove ubuntuone and evolution from the default installation too.. but since this didnt start happening before the conky installation, i highly doubt that this is the cause.

So here is the terminal output right before it dies.
http://paste.ubuntu.com/590448/

I need to figure out what could be causing this crash, and the log seems to me like ancient greek... So far, it seems to restart when i click on some unity-aspect of the desktop, like the titlebar, the message-indicator, the lens, or even switching to desktop.

And so, i open the stage up for you guys :D

11.10 - Will it be possible to upgrade to the latest Ubuntu from an older version

Is it possible to upgrade for example from Ubuntu 9.10, 10.04 or even 10.10 to the latest version of Ubuntu (11.10 in this case). Am not asking to download the DVD/CD or to upgrade from one version to the other until you get to 11.10. I want to know if an older can upgrade from 9.10 directly to 11.10 or something like this.

And of course if yes or no, has this been thought about in any talks like a way to make it so that users have it easier to upgrade to the latest version in cases where it could not be done for a long time (Like moving around the world for 2 years with Ubuntu 9.10 and then coming home and looking at Unity in 11.10).

INFO - I know this 2 already exist:

How to upgrade effortlessly from Ubuntu 10.04 to Ubuntu 11.10 on the same machine

Is it possible to skip releases during an upgrade?

If the answer is still no, maybe more information about if any talks have been made to this kind of work or idea.

As far as I know, upgrade only works from one version to the next, i.e. from 11.04 to 11.10 to 12.04. Also, it is possible to upgrade one LTS release to the next (10.04 to 12.04).

I think there are good reasons why upgrading works this way - the upgrade procedure is developed and tested against a system in a particular state (i.e. fully upgraded 11.04) so migration scripts have some idea what to expect.

It may be very tricky have a generic migration procedure which can upgrade from some arbitrary machine state without going through each intermediate step. I'm finding that even upgrading from a not fully upgraded Ubuntu N to Ubuntu N+1 tends not to work.

Missing Unity launcher and top panel in 14.04, using Nvidia, with slightly stretched graphics

I'm new to Ubuntu, so apologies for not knowing the correct lingo for everything. I just upgraded to 14.04 on my Macbook Pro 5,5 (mid-2009). 13.04 worked great, but I'm having some issues with 14.04. Any help or advice would be greatly appreciated! I've combed through a lot of discussion threads on this forum and others that address this, trying various fixes, all to no avail.

1) I'm missing the unity bar and top menu bar (where it shows wifi, time, calendar, etc etc). Ctrl-Alt-T doesn't get me terminal. Installed Unity Tweak Tool, reset unity, nothing is working. The top panel appears at the login screen, but disappears right after I enter my password and log in.
(I am able to open things via TTY and command line).

2) The appearance of...everything...seems wonky. It's like the aspect ratio is off - the image appears skinnier and taller than the screen -- for example, when I move my mouse to the bottom of the screen, the screen shifts, like I'm pushing the edge of the screen down, and the image (wallpaper, window, whatever I have open) moves up. Like the image doesn't fit the screen somehow.

I have a feeling that this is a graphics thing, and have updated and am using an nvidia driver (331 version). I have tinkered with the appearance setting, which didn't help.

Thank you in advance for any help, advice, potential tweaks, etc!

16.04 - How to mount a samba share at login

I need to mount a smb share in my laptop. I added it in fstab, but it doesn't seem to be mounting at boot. I need to type mount -a manually to mount it. I think it is because the laptop is not getting connected to the network when its booted. I tried to add a cron to mount it 1 minute after reboot, but it is also not working.

Since I am the only one using this laptop, it is Ok to mount it when I login. So how to add a cronjob to mount it when I login ?

OS: ubuntu 16.04

samba running in a raspberry pi in home network

partitioning - Ubuntu Disk Partition

Well, i recently installed Ubuntu 14.04 in a HDD of 640 GB capacity. After the installation, I decided that i should partition my HDD so to have on the one partition the os and some other files (320 gb) and save to the other partition my video-edit works (320 gb). And I did so using the Ubuntu 14.04 live cd and gparted. I formatted the new disk part "with" ext4. But then something wird happened: While i am using ubuntu without any problem, i cannot edit the second partition, which means that i can't save or create something there! Ubuntu says that I am not the owner!! Why?? I need to solve this immediately!

EDIT: Both of these two solutions below worked for me! However, faster way proved to be the one I have chosen!

Type

 mount 

in terminal and find the partition which you want to change ownership

my output looks like

if I want to change ownership of partition /dev/sd8 which is a ext4 partition and mounted on /media/bibi/films

you can also check ownership of mounted partitions with command

 ll /media/bibi

as you can see my films folder is owned by root

To change the ownership I have to run

sudo chown -R bibi:bibi /media/bibi/film

you have to substitute bibi with your user name

It is explained here http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1137537

drivers - Nvidia 361.28 and Intel graphic instaler 1.4.0 return login loop

When I install the latest nvdia driver 361.28 from ppa:graphics-drivers
I got a login loop. Currently I've installed the intelgraphics driver for linux with Graphics Installer 1.4.0 that is published by intel.

When I delete all nvidia drivers by

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*

I am able to login normaly again. In this case the driver installation dialogue shows that the xorg nouveau driver is active.
Some people observed that the Xauthority file got the wrong owner when it comes to login errors. Moving the file by

mv .Xauthority .Xauthority.bak 

Does not fix the problem.
How can I use the latest nvidia-drivers without getting stuck in login-loop?

I am referring to this answer from my other answers.
I had a login loop issue as mentioned here

First uninstall the currently installed NVIDIA drivers.Boot the computer, when the GRUB menu appears ...

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and press the E key.Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line. Press F10 to boot the Ubuntu operating system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.Enter your user name and the password, then execute :

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*  
sudo reboot  

Now install the latest official stable NVIDIA drivers.Boot the computer, when the GRUB menu appears ...

Highlight the Ubuntu menu entry and press the E key.Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line. Press F10 to boot the Ubuntu operating system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1. Enter your user name and the password, then execute :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-361 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot

Note : Maybe it is explicitly necessary to select the NVIDIA adapter in BIOS. When you want to use drivers 361, adding the PPA is not necessary. In this case the terminal commands you have to perform are these :

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-361
sudo reboot

In case you have installed the nvidia driver from their site then uninstall it as per that instructions.Uninstall that driver by running, as root, sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-361.28.run and follow the on screen instructions.

Note : The solution I have provide has been tested on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and Ubuntu 15.10 for two GPUs.

drivers - 12.04 Unity 3D does NOT load

I have a nvidia graphics card, and Unity 3D will not load. When I log into a 3D session, I see my wallpaper. I am able to right click. How can I fix this?

Blank screen after logout Ubuntu 13.04

I have recently installed Ubuntu 13.04 x64 on a 2013 UEFI laptop which was running Win8. Now I only have Ubuntu 13.04.

The distribution is working well in most case. However, a few seconds after I logout, I see a blank screen. After a few seconds, I can hear the dum-dum sound. If I press on my Num Lk key or CapsLk, the light indicator still works.

I cannot suspend either.

I suspect it is a display error, since my laptop has only the 1600x900 res.

Thank you.

Here are some of my specs:
Processor 2x Intel(R) Pentium(R) CPU 2020M @ 2.40GHz

Memory 3914MB (1554MB used)

Operating System Ubuntu 13.04

boot - Lubuntu 16.04 PowerPC install failures - how is this error possible?

I'm trying to install 16.04 onto a PowerPC G5 Mac. However, this has not gone smoothly, and after hours of research and watching tutorials my problem has become maddening.

In short, every time I try to run the Lubuntu installer I end up with a screen that looks like this:

https://oi1320.photobucket.com/albums/u525/artaxerxes131/Lubuntu%20Problem_zps7xyx10qx.png

This screen is generated after I run yaboot, and after the blue lubuntu loading screen runs. What's really interesting to me about this screen is that you'll notice in the bottom left hand corner it looks lot like the OS10.5 background, dock, and Finder have all gotten mixed in there. I'm really not sure how those could be generated booting from a Lubuntu install disc. This has me very, very confused.

My machine is able to recognize the install disc and boots from it, but once I'm past the command line phase (from my reading I'm pretty sure that means I'm running yaboot?) it does not matter which config options I select - I always end up with the above screen, or a similar variant. Live, live-video=ofonly, live-powerpc, etc: all end up with the same result. I've tried different PowerPC versions of Lubuntu and several alternate installs of 16.04, but they've yielded nothing. At this point, I'm baffled.

I know installing Lubuntu is possible, but nowhere have I come across an error similar to what I'm seeing. I know errors in video seem to be common (having everything go white and fail to initialize appears to be the most prevalent (see here,and here, and here) but what I'm encountering seems different than those issues. Maybe it isn't, though, so I'm asking for any insight the community has.

So far, to fix this I've tried several things:

1. Running various PowerPC versions of Lubuntu (16.04, 12.02, etc.)


2. Grabbing several of the alternative installers for each


3. Adjusting the video settings, including:
   =nomodeset,
   video=TV-1:d video=TV-2:d (as described in the parameters section here),
   nosplash, and others

But I'm still stuck. I'm raising the white flag, since this seems to be a problem that's out of my league. Any and all advice would be gratefully appreciated.

Specs:

Model: Power Mac G5, PowerMac 7,3
OS 10.5.4
Processor Speed: 2.5Ghz
Number of CPUs: 2

Memory: 512MB
GPU: Nvidia GeForce 6800 Ultra
ROM Revision: 2119

Can't boot Windows 7 after installing Ubuntu

I installed Ubuntu yesterday alongside Windows 7 and whenever I start my computer I don't have the option to boot Windows. When the computer starts it goes straight to Ubuntu without giving me an OS selection menu. When it goes to Ubuntu it gives me Ubuntu repair options and Ubuntu normal start option. I still have all of the Windows 7 files on my hard drive, but Windows 7 has no way to boot.

First thing first, you need to repair your WIn7 bootloader, and you can visit this page to learn how to do this. Write down on a piece of paper the required commands for fixing both boot and mbr. You'll be using those codes after getting to the Command Prompt screen.

Next you can download Boot Repair iso image as suggested in the previous answer by 'user3005324'. Choose 64 bit iso image if you have installed Ubuntu 64 bit or choose 32 bit iso image if you have Ubuntu 32 bit. I hope Win7 is the same architecture with Ubuntu, I mean you have either Win7 32 bit and Ubuntu 32 bit, or you have Win7 64 bit and Ubuntu 64 bit.

Burn the iso image, and restart your computer with the new Boot Repair CD in tray. You can write Boot Repair iso image on a USB pendrive with Unetbootin tool if you don't have a regular CD to use. Read instructions on how to use Unetbootin in Linux/Ubuntu, they are located at the middle of this page: http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/ .

After Boot Repair cd or usb pendrive finish loading, you can press the 'Recommended Repair' option, wait to finish and after you get the message 'success' you can reboot and use Win7 and Ubuntu which will be present both in your start-up boot menu.

Can't login to Ubuntu 14.04

I installed Ubuntu 14.04 (dual boot with Win 7) and it was working fine. But suddenly one fine day I can't login to my user account, when I log it just flashes and then it goes back to the login screen. But the odd thing is that I can log with the guest account.

I have 2 accounts one owner account/user account and another one created for the installation of Oracle. Only the guest account can login.

From the login screen, I have pressed Ctrl+Alt+F1 to get to a prompt, and login but the same thing happened there too, I entered the correct username and credentials but it flashed and goes back to the login screen.

command line - How can I clear the console window after grep fills the screen?

Is there a way to clear up what is displayed on the shell console (in ubuntu linux) in just a single key or two? When I get flood of lines from grep and that exceeds the height of the window, I want to quickly scroll back to the position where I typed the command after the prompt. I can do so if I had opened a fresh terminal before I type the command, and just go to the initial position. But if keep using the same terminal window, I have to manually find the position. Ctrl+l is not an answer because it just scrolls, and the contents of the terminal remains. I cannot use less because the colored output of grep does not show up.

You can actually stick with using less - try this:

grep --color=always foo * | less -r

That will tell grep to ignore that its output is being piped, and the "-r" on less tells it to pass through raw control characters, which in this case are the color codes.

How to recover the root password on ubuntu server

I lost my root/super user password on Ubuntu server.
I tried to boot in a recovery mode and select option drop to root shell.

But it is always asks for:

Give root password for maintenance (or type Control-D to continue)

and I don't remember it.

Try Control-D when it prompts you for the root password. If that doesn't work, then try this:

http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/linux/reset-your-forgotten-ubuntu-password-in-2-minutes-or-less/

Then scroll down to "Alternate Root Shell Method".

networking - Laptop wireless card help? BCM4311

Okay I have an Acer Aspire 5517, it have bcm 4311 802 wireless card,Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS

Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY (rev 01)

Here is the output of sudo lshw

  *-network
  description: Ethernet interface
  product: AR8132 Fast Ethernet
  vendor: Atheros Communications Inc.
  physical id: 0
  bus info: pci@0000:08:00.0
  logical name: eth0
  version: c0
  serial: 00:26:22:15:75:4d
  size: 100Mbit/s
  capacity: 100Mbit/s
  width: 64 bits
  clock: 33MHz
  capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation
  configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1c driverversion=1.0.1.1-NAPI duplex=full ip=192.168.1.101 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s
  resources: irq:43 memory:d1000000-d103ffff ioport:2000(size=128)

I tried this Installing Broadcom Wireless Drivers didn't work.
For chili55 I did this

    laptop@laptop-Aspire-5517:~$ lspci
    00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] RS780 Host Bridge
    00:01.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] RS780/RS880 PCI to PCI bridge (int gfx)
    00:04.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] RS780/RS880 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 0)
    00:05.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] RS780/RS880 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 1)
    00:11.0 SATA controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 SATA Controller [AHCI mode]
    00:12.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB OHCI0 Controller
    00:12.1 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0 USB OHCI1 Controller
    00:12.2 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 USB EHCI Controller
    00:14.0 SMBus: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SBx00 SMBus Controller (rev 3c)
    00:14.1 IDE interface: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 IDE Controller
    00:14.2 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA)
    00:14.3 ISA bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SB7x0/SB8x0/SB9x0 LPC host controller
    00:14.4 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge
    00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration
    00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map
    00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller
    00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control
    01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RS780M [Mobility Radeon HD 3200]
    02:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY (rev 01)
    08:00.0 Ethernet controller: Qualcomm Atheros AR8132 Fast Ethernet (rev c0)
    $sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source
    E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
    E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it?

I am assuming, although you have been unable to confirm it, that this command:

lspci -nn

...shows your wireless device as 14e4:4315. If that is not true, please post the result. If it is true, please get a temporary wired ethernet connection and do:

sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source

If it is not installed, that's fine, just proceed with the next steps:

sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-lpphy-installer

Reboot and tell us if your wireless is working as expected.

package management - How to correct source-list entry for fetching debs from desired location? (Apt Offline Repository)

I am currently trying to install software offline (studying this question) and want to use Offline Repository according to this answer.

I followed steps like:

1. put all debs in /var/my-local-repo


2. sudo bash -c 'dpkg-scanpackages /var/my-local-repo /dev/null > /var/my-local-repo/Packages' (note: dpkg-dev is already installed to perform this action)


3. set repository as root by echo "deb file:/var/my-local-repo ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/my-local.list and sudo apt-get update

But when I tried to install package, following errors display:

Below is example output from terminal while installing synaptic:

$ sudo apt-get install synaptic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  docbook-xml libcairo-perl libept1.4.12 libglib-perl libgtk2-perl
  libpango-perl librarian0 rarian-compat sgml-data
Suggested packages:
  docbook docbook-dsssl docbook-xsl docbook-defguide libfont-freetype-perl
  libgtk2-perl-doc perlsgml w3-recs opensp libxml2-utils dwww menu deborphan
  tasksel
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  docbook-xml libcairo-perl libept1.4.12 libglib-perl libgtk2-perl
  libpango-perl librarian0 rarian-compat sgml-data synaptic
0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/3,437 kB of archives.
After this operation, 17.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!
  libept1.4.12 sgml-data docbook-xml libcairo-perl libglib-perl libpango-perl
  libgtk2-perl synaptic librarian0 rarian-compat
Install these packages without verification? [y/N] Y
Err file:/var/my-local-repo/ ./ libept1.4.12 1.0.12
  File not found
Err file:/var/my-local-repo/ ./ sgml-data 2.0.9-1
  File not found
Err file:/var/my-local-repo/ ./ docbook-xml 4.5-7.2
  File not found
Err file:/var/my-local-repo/ ./ libcairo-perl 1.104-1
  File not found
Err file:/var/my-local-repo/ ./ libglib-perl 3:1.304-1
  File not found
Err file:/var/my-local-repo/ ./ libpango-perl 1.224-2
  File not found
Err file:/var/my-local-repo/ ./ libgtk2-perl 2:1.249-2
  File not found
Err file:/var/my-local-repo/ ./ synaptic 0.81.1
  File not found
Err file:/var/my-local-repo/ ./ librarian0 0.8.1-5ubuntu1
  File not found
Err file:/var/my-local-repo/ ./ rarian-compat 0.8.1-5ubuntu1
  File not found
E: Failed to fetch file:/var/my-local-repo//var/my-local-repo/libept1.4.12_1.0.12_i386.deb  File not found
E: Failed to fetch file:/var/my-local-repo//var/my-local-repo/sgml-data_2.0.9-1_all.deb  File not found
E: Failed to fetch file:/var/my-local-repo//var/my-local-repo/docbook-xml_4.5-7.2_all.deb  File not found
E: Failed to fetch file:/var/my-local-repo//var/my-local-repo/libcairo-perl_1.104-1_i386.deb  File not found
E: Failed to fetch file:/var/my-local-repo//var/my-local-repo/libglib-perl_3%3a1.304-1_i386.deb  File not found
E: Failed to fetch file:/var/my-local-repo//var/my-local-repo/libpango-perl_1.224-2_i386.deb  File not found
E: Failed to fetch file:/var/my-local-repo//var/my-local-repo/libgtk2-perl_2%3a1.249-2_i386.deb  File not found
E: Failed to fetch file:/var/my-local-repo//var/my-local-repo/synaptic_0.81.1_i386.deb  File not found
E: Failed to fetch file:/var/my-local-repo//var/my-local-repo/librarian0_0.8.1-5ubuntu1_i386.deb  File not found
E: Failed to fetch file:/var/my-local-repo//var/my-local-repo/rarian-compat_0.8.1-5ubuntu1_i386.deb  File not found
E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?

Here we can see that apt tries to fetch debs from /var/my-local-repo//var/my-local-repo/ instead of var/my-local-repo/

And if I move all debs into /var/my-local-repo/var/my-local-repo/ (by creating subdirectories) then after apt works fine and package is installed!
^{And synaptic working fine.}

So, My question is Why Apt fetching debs from wrong location or/and What correction is needed in echo "deb file:/var/my-local-repo ./"?

Found solution/correction myself after 1 to 2 days and correction needed which is working as follows:

Way-1:-

If Packages.gz file is created by following command:

dpkg-scanpackages /var/my-local-repo | gzip > Packages.gz

Then It has all debs location information like follows:

Filename: /var/my-loca-repo/synaptic_0.81.1_i386.deb

Way-2 (recommended):-

If Packages.gz file is created by following command:
(In other words After changing to that directory containing all debs)

dpkg-scanpackages . | gzip > ./Packages.gz

Then It has all debs location information like follows:

Filename: ./synaptic_0.81.1_i386.deb

---

Now if Packages.gz is create by Way-1 then required correction in repository .list is:

deb file:/// var/my-local-repo/ or deb file:// /var/my-local-repo/

But it is recommended to create Packages.gz by Way-2 then no correction is needed and right repository to be in .list is:

deb file:///var/my-local-repo/ ./ or deb file:/var/my-local-repo/ ./

---

Earlier I created Packages.gz by Way-1 and set repository for 2nd way that's why apt tries to fetch debs from directory which is not desired.

But Now I understand the reason and used 2nd way for creating Packages.gz by dpkg-scanpackages and final commands are:

For generating Packages.gz:

dpkg-scanpackages . | gzip > ./Packages.gz

For setting repository:

sudo su
echo "deb file:/var/my-local-repo ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/my-local.list
sudo apt-get update

And then package installed successfully as below:

$ sudo apt-get install synaptic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  docbook-xml libcairo-perl libept1.4.12 libglib-perl libgtk2-perl
  libpango-perl librarian0 rarian-compat sgml-data
Suggested packages:
  docbook docbook-dsssl docbook-xsl docbook-defguide libfont-freetype-perl
  libgtk2-perl-doc perlsgml w3-recs opensp libxml2-utils dwww menu deborphan
  tasksel
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  docbook-xml libcairo-perl libept1.4.12 libglib-perl libgtk2-perl
  libpango-perl librarian0 rarian-compat sgml-data synaptic
0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/3,437 kB of archives.
After this operation, 17.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!
  libept1.4.12 sgml-data docbook-xml libcairo-perl libglib-perl libpango-perl
  libgtk2-perl synaptic librarian0 rarian-compat
Install these packages without verification? [y/N] Y
Selecting previously unselected package libept1.4.12:i386.
(Reading database ... 174777 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libept1.4.12_1.0.12_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libept1.4.12:i386 (1.0.12) ...
Selecting previously unselected package sgml-data.
Preparing to unpack .../sgml-data_2.0.9-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking sgml-data (2.0.9-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package docbook-xml.
Preparing to unpack .../docbook-xml_4.5-7.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking docbook-xml (4.5-7.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libcairo-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../libcairo-perl_1.104-1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libcairo-perl (1.104-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libglib-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../libglib-perl_3%3a1.304-1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libglib-perl (3:1.304-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libpango-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../libpango-perl_1.224-2_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libpango-perl (1.224-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgtk2-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../libgtk2-perl_2%3a1.249-2_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libgtk2-perl (2:1.249-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package synaptic.
Preparing to unpack .../synaptic_0.81.1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking synaptic (0.81.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package librarian0.
Preparing to unpack .../librarian0_0.8.1-5ubuntu1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking librarian0 (0.8.1-5ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package rarian-compat.
Preparing to unpack .../rarian-compat_0.8.1-5ubuntu1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking rarian-compat (0.8.1-5ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.26+nmu4ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.10.1-0ubuntu2) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.1+14.04.20140409-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.54ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.13-1) ...
Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.5) ...
Scrollkeeper was installed, forcing re-registration of all documents.
Unregistering 33 doc-base files, re-registering 33 doc-base files...
Registering documents with scrollkeeper...
Setting up libept1.4.12:i386 (1.0.12) ...
Setting up sgml-data (2.0.9-1) ...
Setting up libcairo-perl (1.104-1) ...
Setting up libglib-perl (3:1.304-1) ...
Setting up libpango-perl (1.224-2) ...
Setting up libgtk2-perl (2:1.249-2) ...
Setting up synaptic (0.81.1) ...
Setting up librarian0 (0.8.1-5ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.26+nmu4ubuntu1) ...
Setting up docbook-xml (4.5-7.2) ...
Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.26+nmu4ubuntu1) ...
Setting up rarian-compat (0.8.1-5ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6) ...

macbook - How to make users with UID under 1000 appear in LightDM?

I've been trying to set this up, but I can't find a solution. It's neccessary, because the machine Ubuntu is on is a Macbook and needs to have access to the files of the Mac user. Is there any way to get this to work?

Lightdm has the config file /etc/lightdm/users.conf which you can edit to set a minimum UID. The default is 500. It also sets hidden users and certain shells that if a user has are hidden. Try editing that file and restarting lightdm.

[UserAccounts]
minimum-uid=500
hidden-users=nobody nobody4 noaccess
hidden-shells=/bin/false /usr/sbin/nologin

Installing WinUSB on Ubuntu 14.04

I am unable to install WinUSB in Ubuntu 14.04 using command:

sudo apt-get install winusb

What is the correct way to install WinUSB in Ubuntu 14.04? Or is there any other application available to create Windows bootable USB in Ubuntu 14.04?

gnome - Mouse cursor leaving "trails" / artifacts

On Ubuntu Gnome 15.10, my mouse cursor leaves strange "trails" all around the screen. This happens when the cursor moves over or leaves a dynamic screen element (anything that changes on hover) such as a link or a toolbar button.

Here's a quick screencast showing what it looks like (posted on YouTube)

Any help to fix this quirk would be appreciated.

indicator - How to change Date/Time format to English?

I have installed Ubuntu 13.04 and set my local time/date and its working, the only thing thats bugging me is that I cannot change it to English. I would like to do this because its hard to read and its not showing in proper format in Terminal, please view the screenshot below.

Show in proper formate

Not showing in proper format in terminal

How can I change my date/time to English format and keep the local time?

click on system settings.

Click on Language Support.

Click on the Regional Formats Tab, and change language to English, and apply system- wide. and that will do it.

Note: You may have to relogin, so changes can take effect

login - Ubuntu logs out immediately after logs in

Today when i try to login to my ubuntu main user(not guest),Emad Helmi,after i typed my password it logged in and immediately logged out back to the login page, i try several times,but the same result,finally i hit ctrl + alt + F6 and then typed emadhelmi and the my password after that i run this code, without and chaging directory:

sudo rm -v .Xauthority

and after that:

sudo service lightdm restart

i tried again to logging in to my account but the same problem.How can i fixed it?

drivers - Bluetooth "works" but won't pair with headphones. rtl8723de HP laptop

After having gone through the following threads and following the answers:

Wireless was not working: Realtek Semiconductor RTL8723DE Device d723 issue

Bluetooth was not working: How to activate bluetooth device for RTL8723DE? (I am using cosmic but specified the bionic repo to pull down the module)

My bluetooth adapter searches for and finds headphones, but will not connect to them. The adapter will connect to my phone's bluetooth though, so I'm really confused as to what is causing this. I have tried the suggestion here: ubuntu 18.04 bluetooth not set up without any luck. The description of what is happening with my headphones in that post is spot on.

EDIT: I have tried to connect with two different known working headsets.

As I've seen requested in some other posts:

user@Slacker:/var/log$ lspci -knn | grep Net -A3; lsusb
02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device [10ec:d723]
    Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device [103c:8319]
    Kernel driver in use: rtl8723de
    Kernel modules: rtl8723de
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 04f3:250e Elan Microelectronics Corp. 
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:b009 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. 
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 05c8:03c7 Cheng Uei Precision Industry Co., Ltd (Foxlink) 
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver

Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
user@Slacker:/var/log$ dmesg | grep -i blue
[    4.735816] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.22
[    4.735830] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
[    4.735834] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
[    4.735836] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[    4.735845] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[    4.893865] Bluetooth: hci0: rtl: examining hci_ver=08 hci_rev=826c lmp_ver=08 lmp_subver=8873
[    4.893866] Bluetooth: hci0: rtl: assuming no firmware upload needed
[    5.854947] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3

[    5.854948] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[    5.854951] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
[   16.677354] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
[   16.677360] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
[   16.677363] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11

Please let me know if there is any other information needed to help troubleshoot this.

Thanks

How to refresh the software sources in Ubuntu Software Center?

I have added a PPA repository to my fresh installation of Ubuntu 12.04 with the Software sources menu item in the Ubuntu Software Center (USC). The problem is that the new repository is not immediately available. I can't find an option to refresh the software sources in the USC. I have tried to close the USC and reopen it, but no success.
I don't know if this is a question of time (USC needs some time to refresh?), or if I'm doing something wrong.
In the meantime I had to install another software, so I have installed this one. At the end of the installation I have checked out again the software sources, and this time the new PPA repository was there. So, there is some kind of software sources refresh, but I don't know how to force it.

There is somebody else that had this issue?

The software sources needs to be updated. You can do this a couple of ways:
Running

sudo apt-get update

Starting Update Manager and clicking "Check".
The software sources cannot be updated within USC.

partitioning - Unallocated space instead of LUKS partition with gparted

I have unplugged a USB with valuable data with a mounted LUKS partition which destroyed the partition table.

Running testdisk does not recognized the partition: it claim it as unallocated space instead of a LUKS partition. From parted:

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  3222MB  3221MB  primary               boot
 2      3222MB  3224MB  2097kB  primary

There should be a third LUKS type partition

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  3222MB  3221MB  primary               boot
 2      3222MB  3224MB  2097kB  primary
 3      3224MB  16.0GB  12.8GB  primary

I tried adding a new partition with testdisk for this apparent unallocated space but didn't found the crypt_LUKS type in the list:

>List of partition type 
[...]                                                  
 1e hid. FAT16 LBA       87 HPFS FT mirror-V/S set f0 Linux/PA-RISC boot
 20 Willowsoft OFS1      8e Linux LVM            f1 Storage Dimensions
[...]

Hence my first question:

1. Is Linux LVM the right type for a LUKS encrypted partition? Which method should be used to force to recognize the unallocated space as a LUKS partition

Choosing Linux LVM does not allow to run cryptsetup luksOpen (I get Device /dev/sdb1 is not a valid LUKS device.)

2. Which other method would you use in order to recover my LUKS partition recognized as unallocated space ?

Linux doesn't care about partition types. Just give it any type which is not a Windows type; Linux LVM works well, or 0xDA (Non-FS Data). To check whether a device, for example, /dev/sdc3 is a LUKS container:

sudo cryptsetup isLuks /dev/sdc3 && echo LUKS container || echo Not a LUKS container

The best way is to recreate the partition as it was and, if necessary, restore the LUKS header from backup. Backup the first 2 MiB of the partition first.

dual boot - Where did Ubuntu go?

I just formatted my PC and added Windows 7, alongside Ubuntu. I installed them in a separated disk partition so Ubuntu and my files should be ok, though I cannot find them anywhere. When I try to boot manually, my only choice is windows 7, same also on startup settings in control panel.
Ubuntu must be somewhere though. The disk has the half the size it's supposed too. But I can't access their partition. I didn't retrieve my files, and that's definitely a problem.
Can you help me please?

Has anyone got an Nvidia 940M to work on 14.04.4 LTS w/ Nvidia proprietary drivers?

I've been trying for a couple of days now to get my 940M to work on Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS to no avail (currently stuck on login loop issue), and yet there doesn't appear to be much discussion of issues surrounding the card. I have a feeling that I'm overlooking something simple.

Has anyone else been able to get an Nvidia 940M to run on 14.04.4 LTS with Nvidia's proprietary drivers?

If so, how did you do it?

The nouveau drivers appear to work just fine, but I expect better performance with Nvidia's.

To get rid of these and other hard-ware related troubles,test the latest, relatively stable liveCD - OP found out that the latest 16.04LTS (close to release candidate, kernel freeze today) not only fixes the graphics issue, but also other issues (touchpad).

After the test is successful, the usual way for existing systems is update-manager -d to get the most recent version of Ubuntu or a reinstall if you were testing Ubuntu support on a new hardware system.

Do this only if you see a hardware issue. Also, it should be a system with a single user, and not mission-critical. Laptops are prime candidates for this, since they usually have the most pesky hardware issues and the troublemakers inside are not exchangeable.

Downside of running the latest distribution is that in case of other issues, it's difficult to find existing solutions on the net. But you can always come to askubuntu.com for that.

personalization - Show position of pointer

There's an option for Ubuntu's mouse that says 'Show position of the mouse when the Control key is pressed.'. This function is required permanently enabled for a certain script I run, but on the other side it makes Blender 'Control' key not to work (as in Ctrl+Z, which is annoying) nor in some other apps (like the game Limbo). So, how can I solve this problem?

There are three solutions I can think of, but I don't know how to implement any of them.

• Change the key being clicked. If I could show mouse position with, say, Tab, that'd be perfectly fine.


• To show the mouse with a script. THIS would be the best actually (currently I'm using xte to emulate the Ctrl key pressing). Running something like show-mouse in a terminal would be great. Couldn't find anything through google though.


• Make these programs to recognize the Control pressing apart of gnome/ubuntu. This is probably a bug so this should be the hardest way to solve.
  EDIT


• There is another option worth considering, I can send a gnome notification so it's displayed when I touch the screen on the main screen instead of around the mouse. However, it displays for a really long time, which is a known bug. It's worth considering in case it is solved.

Thank you so much!

PS, the solutions here didn't work for me.

Ubuntu 12.04

partitioning - How to mount an old HFS System 7 Macintosh floppy with write access?

I have an old 3.5" HD floppy disk. It was formatted on a Macintosh SE/30 and thus it is formatted with the HFS (not HFS+!) file system. I am having trouble mounting it properly. I have hfsutils and hfsprogs (though I think this is only for HFS+) installed. When putting the disk into my USB floppy drive and rebooting my Ubuntu 18.04 laptop, the disk is mounted, but I can't write to it because it is in read-only mode. Removing and reinserting it will cause it to not be mounted automatically at all.

I tried mounting it manually with explicit rw, but I still can't write to it, only read:
sudo mount -t hfs -o rw /dev/sdb /media/andreas/xyz/

Backup Ubuntu 16 with Windows 10 dual boot system

sorry if my questions is redundant.
I am new to Ubuntu and have finally succeeded installing a dual boot with ubuntu 16 and windows 10 as well as all the deep learning libraries i need.

Which method/program can i use to regularly make a copy of my entire system (operating system, softwares and files)? so that if any goes wrong time, i could restore my laptop to the previous functioning backup.

Thank you in advance for all answers.

How to install GUI on ubuntu server 16.04

I am new to ubuntu server. I want some GUI features in ubuntu server.Is it possible to install GUI on ubuntu server.If yes then please help me.

If you want to administer locally

You can install the default Ubuntu desktop by executing the following:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

There are many desktop alternatives which you may install and use, like:

• Gnome 3 installation: sudo apt-get install gnome-shell


• KDE see Kubuntu installation: sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop


• XFCE installation: sudo apt-get install xfce4


• LXDE installation: sudo apt-get install lxde


• Openbox installation: sudo apt-get install openbox


• Gnome Classic (old) a Gnome 3 desktop that looks like Gnome 2 installation: sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback


• Ubuntu Gnome (Official flavor) installation: sudo apt install ubuntu-gnome-desktop

Local and or remote administration

Except from the above you can administer your server by using a web based solution using less resources:

command line - How to run Ubuntu without GUI in Virtual Box?

I have a Windows XP laptop, in which I run VirtualBox with the latest Ubuntu, my hardware is little old, so running the latest version of Ubuntu inside Virtual box is kind of a hassle, very slow performances, even if all i'm doing is running the terminal and practicing Linux commands !

I tried DSL (Damn Small Linux) with my VirtualBox, very small distro (50 MB), I am satisfied with how faster is my system now, but I miss Ubuntu, moreover, DSL is missing too many commands, such as sed an many others that I can't remember.

Is it possible to run Ubuntu just in console mode, no GUI or minimum GUI...no nice effects no fancy graphics? A link / tutorial would be much appreciated.

The easiest way is to install Ubuntu Server inside VirtualBox, it cames with no GUI by default, just command line.

If you change your mind and need a GUI, try Lubuntu,it uses LXDE a quite light GUI.

11.10 - Recompiling Ubuntu stock kernel

I want to recompile the stock Ubuntu kernel (on Oneiric) with just one change: include usbcore as a kernel module so it can be reloaded at runtime (I have some issue with usb support crashing at certain times and want to avoid rebooting).

I am following these instructions. I had/have two issues:

1. I have already found out from the docs of kernel-package, that instead of what above instructions suggest, I should apparently be using the --append-to-version flag of make-kpkg to give a custom name for my compiled kernel (instead of just --revision).




2. As I said I want to start of with all the default settings like in the Ubuntu stock kernel. When I start from the sources in the ubuntu package linux-source-3.0.0 and just call make menuconfig, will I be presented with the Ubuntu stock configuration, or some other defaults (mainline?). Should I then be rather copying a default configuration from somewhere else (e.g. /boot/config-...)?

Cheers,

Nikolaus

Well, as I just gave somebody this answer an hour ago or so I'd hope you'd get a stock configuration.

Reasoning:
When you download the source via apt-get source linux-image-3.0.0-16-generic or whatever it downloads the original Debian source then Ubuntu patches and applies them. Theoretically that'd include a .config...