grub2 - Installing Windows XP from USB, Grub Rescue

On my netbook (HP mini 110) there was a LUBUNTU (do not remember which one) operating system. I Tried to install Windows XP.

The hard disk format was EXT4. To change the hard disk format from ext4 to ntfs I did this.

1) Downloaded and extracted .iso file into USB using rufus

,

2) Ran the Lubuntu ISO from usb,

3) Ran the GParted program and changed the main hard disk to ntfs type.

I then burned the Windows XP ISO to usb again, Changed boot priority (made usb first readable drive)

The problem is that when I turn on the computer, after a few seconds, this error occurred:

error: unknown filesystem.

Entering rescue mode...

grub rescue>

Nothing about WINDOWS is appearing.

Ubuntu ISO download issue

I downloaded the Ubuntu 'ISO Image' however when the download finished it was a .RAR file ? Why did I not get the ISO image I want ? Also after opening the.RAR file there was the ISO image to be found inside. I need the image to create a bootable USB stick so I can dual-boot Ubuntu alongside Windows 10. Thanks for any help.

12.10 - Unable to resize LVM partition just after Ubuntu install with 'use lvm' option

During installation of Ubuntu 12.10 x64 I checked the "Use LVM" option. My partitions:

• /dev/sda1, ext2, mount: /boot, 243.00 MiB, flag: boot


• /dev/sda2, extended, 698.4 GiB
  
  
  
  
  • /dev/sda5, lvm2 pv, mount: ubuntu, 698.4 GiB, flag: lvm
  
  

Or better see a GParted screenshot (am not allowed to post images)

I've tried both with current system and a live USB Ubuntu, but I can't do anything with the LVM partition: nor add a new subpartition, neither resize it. Is there a way to shrink it so I can add more physical partitions? Or how do I add a new virtual subpartition to LVM? (No such menu option in GParted)

EDIT sudo pvs:

PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
/dev/sda5  ubuntu lvm2 a--  698.39g    0 

sudo vgs:

VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
ubuntu   1   2   0 wz--n- 698.39g    0 

sudo lvs:

LV     VG     Attr     LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Move Log Copy%  Convert
root   ubuntu -wi-ao-- 692.49g                                           

swap_1 ubuntu -wi-ao--   5.91g  

Unity Launcher Does Not Remember Favorites

I have already looked at the similar questions, but none of the solutions there worked for me. Basically, I can edit and remove icons just fine when I am in a session, but the next time I am logged in, they are reset to the default.

Even more perplexing is this. If I start dconf-editor, and navigate to desktop>unity>launcher, it shows the favorites that are supposed to be there, yet the default ones are still in the Launcher.

I have already tried sudo apt-get purge unity and then sudo apt-get install unity from a GNOME session, but to no avail. Any suggestions?

Edit:
I also tried running gksudo dconf-editor to run the program with elevated privileges. Again I navigated to desktop>unity>launcher. This time the default string was there, but when I tried to edit it, it would not change to what I typed.

After installing NVIDIA drivers, I boot into a black screen [13.10]

Edit: Trying solution after solution found on these forums with the bootloader has apparently corrupted the bootloader. I missed pressing shift twice in a row and on the third attempt, the bios does not recognize a bootloader anymore. So it looks like I'm starting from scratch.

I am new to Ubuntu and I am using a 1440p & 1080p multi-monitor display setup. Using the default drivers (neuveau?), I am unable to get my display working because when I change my 1080p screen to be in portrait mode instead of the default landscape mode, my 1440p monitor goes black (It's a Crossover 27").

As a result, I assumed that the neuveau drivers won't cut it for my setup. So, I installed NVIDIA drivers for my GTX 680 using this guide: http://www.howopensource.com/2012/10/install-nvidia-geforce-driver-in-ubuntu-12-10-12-04-using-ppa/

After installation and reboot, both of my monitors are now black. I can hear the Ubuntu jingle at the log-in screen. Pressing CTRL+ALT+F1 results in a black screen with a flashing white underscore.

Using just one monitor procures the same results.

I am at a loss of where to go next.

Thanks for your help.

Edit: I decided to try running the following command (In recovery mode):

sudo apt-get purge nvidia-current

This did not resolve my issue. I still boot into a black screen.

2nd Edit: Things are getting stranger now. After attempting to uninstall the video drivers, I booted into recovery mode to try to update my system and reinstall them. After trying the networking option, Ubuntu froze there. So I did Cntrl+C and Ubuntu booted. My primary monitor was still black, but my secondary somehow worked. After logging in, my driver now says GTX 680.

So, I rebooted, and now I'm still back at the black screen on both monitors.

Splash screen not showing during boot in Ubuntu 16.04 but works fine while shut down

I have installed Macbuntu 16.04 transformation pack on my Ubuntu. The splash screen (or boot screen) does not show up during boot. It just shows a black screen and then the lightdm-webkit-greeter comes up. But during shut down it works fine.

I tried to reconfigure it. So in terminal I typed:

sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth

which showed:

There are 4 choices for the alternative default.plymouth (providing /usr/share/plymouth/themes/default.plymouth).

  Selection    Path                                                                 Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
  0            /usr/share/plymouth/themes/macbuntu/macbuntu.plymouth                 100       auto mode
* 1            /usr/share/plymouth/themes/macbuntu/macbuntu.plymouth                 100       manual mode

  2            /usr/share/plymouth/themes/spinner/spinner.plymouth                   70        manual mode
  3            /usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/ubuntu-logo-scale-2.plymouth   99        manual mode
  4            /usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/ubuntu-logo.plymouth           100       manual mode

Press  to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 1

and then the prompt appears without any error.

Then I typed :

sudo update-initramfs -u

which resulted in:

update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic

and then again the user prompt comes up without any error.

When I reboot, it does not show the boot screen while booting up.

package management - .deb equivalents to .rpm commands

I'm used to RPM based systems, and there's many commands I'm not yet sure how to do with .deb packages. This is mostly for use with custom packages, i.e. not stuff apt-get installed.

It'd be great if someone could provide a translation of the commands here:
(by "package file" it's meant to operate on a physical .rpm/.deb file)

Feature                              rpm                                deb
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
View all installed packages          rpm -qa
View files in an installed package   rpm -ql packagename
View files in an package file        rpm -qlp ./packagename.rpm
View package info, installed package rpm -qi packagename (1)
View package info, package file      rpm -qip ./packagename.rpm (1)
View pre/post install shell scripts  rpm -q --scripts packagename

View changelog for a package file    rpm -qp --changelog ./packagename.rpm
Uninstall a package                  rpm -e packagename                    dpkg -r/dpkg -P
Install a package file               rpm -ivh ./packagename.rpm            dpkg -i
Upgrade a package from a file        rpm -Uvh ./packagename.rpm
Find which package owns a file       rpm -qif /some/file.foo
List dependencies of a package       rpm -q --requires packagename
List dependencies of a package file  rpm -qp --requires ./packagename.rpm

(1) see e.g. info output example here

I try to fill or complement what @SeanBright leaved out:

Feature                              rpm                                   deb
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
View all installed packages          rpm -qa                               dpkg -l, dpkg-query -Wf '${Package}\n'
View package info, installed package rpm -qi packagename (1)               apt-cache show packagename
View pre/post install shell scripts  rpm -q --scripts packagename          cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/packagename.{pre,post}{inst,rm}
View changelog for a package file    rpm -qp --changelog ./packagename.rpm dpkg-deb --fsys-tarfile packagename.deb | tar -O -xvf - ./usr/share/doc/packagename/changelog.gz | gunzip

Uninstall a package                  rpm -e packagename                    apt-get remove/purge packagename
Upgrade a package from a file        rpm -Uvh ./packagename.rpm            dpkg -i packagename.deb
Find which package owns a file       rpm -qif /some/file.foo               dpkg -S /dome/file.foo
List dependencies of a package       rpm -q --requires packagename         apt-cache depends package
List dependencies of a package file  rpm -qp --requires ./packagename.rpm  (shown in package's info)