mount - How to recover USB flash drive functionality after having used dd?

I have been installing Linux on my laptop via a bootable USB flash drive and I was having difficulty, so I ran the following command:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb

Was this a huge mistake? Did I wipe out some of the software that allows the USB drive to properly function?

Now my computer no longer recognizes my device (which was previously in /media/USERNAME), although it makes a sound when I plug it in. I tried to mount it via How to access a USB flash drive from the terminal?. The following output shows up when I use sudo fdisk -l :

Disk /dev/sdb: 14.7 GiB, 15728640000 bytes, 30720000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x003e98d7

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1  *       32 30719999 30719968 14.7G  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)

When I try to mount it I get the following results:

mkdir /media/usb
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/usb

mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb,
   missing codepage or helper program, or other error

       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try

       dmesg | tail or so.

I found this question, but this and its references don't answer my question.