Terminal commands

I have some questions about some Terminal commands:

1. Why must you do sudo apt-get update before installing an program or after downloading something? Does it update Ubuntu then?




2. What is the different between sudo gedit /location/to/afile.txt and gksu gedit /location/to/afile.txt?




3. Why people don't use -y on the end of a command, like for example in sudo apt-get install programx -y.




4. What does the -i and -l (are there any more) mean in a Terminal?





5. How can I unpack any .zip or .tar.gz file in a Terminal?

sudo apt-get update updates the repository information of apt, so you can install the latest version of packages.

sudo gedit will ask you for a password in the terminal window, while gksu gedit prompts for a password with a GUI.

Most people like to review any changes they make with root permissions, that's why they refrain from using sudo apt-get -y and similar.

As for -i and -l, these look like parameters you would give to a command. Each command behaves differently and uses different switches, so without knowing the specific command, it's not possible to tell what these mean. Read the manual (man apt-get, for example) or try using --help with any command.

Use unzip file.zip to extract a zip file and tar xzf file.tar.gz to extract a tar.gz file.

14.04 - Unable to Access NTFS partition

Previously I had installed windows 8 on my Machine along with 3 NTFS drives but now I deleted OS installed partition and install fresh copy of Ubuntu 14.04. Now the problem is I can't access my remaining drives which contains important data on it. I went through some forms and found that if i want to get access to these drives need to boot system in window which resulting in again installation of windows OS but i don't want to go through such long process.Please help me to avoid this long process. Is there any another way to get access to these drives?

Thank you in advance.

This is probably because the ntfs filesystems were not unmounted by Windows and thus are marked dirty. You can clear that by using the ntfsfix command from the ntfsprogs package, which should be installed by default. It should be something like this: sudo ntfsfix -d /dev/sdx1, where sdx1 is the ntfs filesystem you need to clean.

Is permission required for creating a derivative?

I wanted to create an Ubuntu derivative and distribute it.

I have read this post. It says no permission is required for creating a derivative and using it.

But if it is given to organizations under a separate name (saying it is a derivative of ubuntu), does this not require permission from Ubuntu or Canonical?

If not, when is permission required for creating and distributing a derivative?

Will availing permission mean that it is a recognized derivative?

shortcut keys - Switching Between GUI and Terminal

I am new to linux.

I am planning on setting up a server and although I like the regular Ubuntu desktop I like the Lubuntu one a little more especially for my file server needs.

What I want to know is when I use the CtrlAltF1 command to go back to the terminal does the GUI turn off until I use CtrlAltF7 again or does it just sit in the background like if you used Alt-Tab in windows OS to switch between windows?

The reason I ask is as I am still learning I still need a GUI on hand until I get more used to terminal.

I know there is commands to stop and start the lightdm but I was just curious what the keyboard shortcuts mentioned above do to the gui when switching between them.

Windows 7 does not boot after I installed ubuntu on a second drive

I installed Ubuntu on a different drive to Windows 7, but after installing, Windows 7 disappeared on the boot screen, that is I don't have options to boot Windows 7, the computer start up directly to Ubuntu. Even if I choose to boot from the hard drive Windows 7 is installed, the computer still goes straight to Ubuntu. I checked the Windows 7 drive on Ubuntu, everything is still there, and I know that I didn't do anything on this drive when installing Ubuntu.

When install Ubuntu, I noticed that Windows 7 is installed on sdc, so I installed Ubuntu on sda.

I have tried using Windows 7 installation CD to repair, but it cannot find any windows system installed. Anyway I still performed 'bootrec /FixMbr','bootrec /FixBoot' and 'bootrec /RebuildBcd' under C drive in commmand prompt (cause I know win7 is in C). Then the third command detected my installed windows 7 but when I type Yes to adding it to the boot list, it shows "The volume does not contain a recognized file system".

Then after that Ubuntu also failed to boot, my computer simply shows "missing operation systems". However, I can fix Ubuntu quickly using a live Ubuntu from my installation usb and Boot-Repair. I just can't get access to Windows 7 again.

Here's the link to BootInfo summary from the Boot-Repair. I am totally new on this, would anyone please help me?

http://paste.ubuntu.com/10882149/

dual boot - Install Windows 10 alongside Ubuntu 18.04

I'm trying to install Windows 10 alongside Ubuntu 18.04 beacuse I want to try some games on my laptop, and then go back to Ubuntu.

I have two USB Flash Drives, one with Windows 10 and the other with Ubuntu 18.04

These are the steps I've done after following some answers here on AskUbuntu.

1) Booted on Live Ubuntu, and shrinked my 1TB HDD into a 500 GB ntfs partition with GParted;

2) Booted on my Windows 10 USB Flash (on UEFI) and installing windows without deleting the partition or formatting it, just by pressing next ( I also tried deleting it and make a new one with Windows but I encounter the same issue);

3) After install, it was directly booting into windows, probably installing other stuff, and this is the annoying part, Windows freeze at "Getting devices ready" or something like this. I forced it to shut down and then .. continuing to step 4;

4) I booted again on my Live Ubuntu USB, and I have installed boot-repair, doing the recommended installation.

5) After installing boot-repair, I restarted my laptop, booted on Ubuntu OS redirecting me to GRUB Boot Loader, I selected Windows everything loaded then I got this error that Windows isn't installed properly and I have to restart and reinstall it.

I really don't know what to do anymore, I deleted the ntfs partition and extended my ext4 partition, everything is normal now, but I really need Windows 10, I also need an answer on how to uninstall it and go back to normal.

This is one of the question I was following but it doesn't work for me

And this is the second question, and I was following the first and the second answer, except doing the mount /boot thing beacuse I didn't know what to do exactly

EDIT : Here's the summary of boot-repair

partitioning - Order of partitions for root, home and swap with respect to Windows partitions

I am installing Ubuntu on the same hard drive as Windows 7.

The partitions of Windows 7 have already occupied the left part of the hard drive. From left to right, the Windows partitions are one partition for Windows booting, one for Windows OS and software installation, and one for data which is planned to mount on Ubuntu.

I was wondering how to arrange the order of partitions of root, home and swap, i.e. which is on the left just besides one Windows partition, which is in the middle and which is on the far right? Is there some consideration regarding about this arrangement?

Thanks and regards!

It doesn't matter where your partitions are. You can have root be on a primary or logical partition. You can have root, home, and boot all smushed together on one partition, or micromanage all your folders to different partitions (you might hit a built-in limit for logical partitions (~59?), and you're only allowed four primary). I think you could even have all your partitions running on a networked file share.

I've always partitioned boot as my first logical partition, because I know I'm only going to give it 100 mB. Then I think about making a swap, and usually decide against it. Next I decide how much space I'll give up to root. Finally, I give home the rest of the space. If I'm not dual booting Windows, root gets to be in a primary partition. Everything else gets logical partitions.

See TLDP for more info:

http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/intro.html#explanation

http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/partition-types.html

dell - i need drivers for nvidia geforce gtx 745 , card dont work correct

I have a Dell xps 8700 intel i7, NVIDIA Geforce GTX 745 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS and I can not install the appropriate driver for it, I tried to do is something like this: sudo apt-get purge nvidia *; sudo apt-get install nvidia-319-updates-dev, but I can not finish what I have in this process because the mode switch the ctrl + alt + f1, but this is impossible, because the graphics mode would have to act who unfortunately without the driver does not work (not even screen is displayed for the radio boxes ubuntu during startup and log off the system), if you've somehow I install this driver later entered: sudo service lightdm stop and nastepniesh /NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-319.run (value not remember exactly who more or less) on to install, but the screen resolution is 1024x768 and still should have 1680x1050 and it can not even change August in x-nvidia, I know that Ubuntu is najelpszym and najpolularniejszym system and therefore has the largest base of drivers, but this August steel teeth full-fledged system must have known drivers feed of you could use it fully, so please help get it to work all on tip top and full graphics with hardware acceleration on this card and full resolution 1680x1050 :)

wine - PlayOnLinux - League of Legends won't start game

I recently installed Ubuntu on my laptop (14.04.3). Yesterday I installed League of Legends via PlayOnLinux. I am not saying "tried to install", because it installed and patched perfectly fine, and the client works, too.

I can log in, send messages, click on "Play", create a custom game (haven't tried any other type of game, for obvious reasons), pick a champion. And that's it.
At the point where the game should start, where the client disappears and the loading screen would usually pop up, nothing happens. The client minimizes and then the Wine logo peaks out of the hidden launcher again shortly after that, as if it was going to open up a new window, but it doesn't.

Wine still shows the client as running, but I can't open it and when I open the task manager in POL "Wine" configuration it says it is not responding.

I tried changing PlayOnLinux/Wine settings in several ways. When I ticked "emulate virtual desktop" in Wine configuration, everything went the same except that I was now stuck in a not responding full screen virtual windows desktop. I have the Windows version set to XP, but I also tried Windows 8. I installed Internet Explorer 8, I even un- and reinstalled PlayOnLinux as well as LoL yesterday. I patched with loltux. Nothing changes.

It might be relevant that I am using AMD graphics with fglrx driver. I can give more information and debug if needed.

I have no idea what to do. I have searched all related forums, but just installing POL and LoL seems to work for everyone else and those who have problems apparently don't have the same one as me.

I might just be missing something important, I'm new to Ubuntu and haven't used Linux that much before. I'd appreciate any help and/or ideas on what could be the problem.

boot - How to verify that the ISO I downloaded is bootable before I burn it?

How can I check that the ISO image I've downloaded is bootable, before I burn it?

isoinfo can probably tell you if it has the right files to boot if you want quick and dirty.
isoinfo -l -i is_it_bootable.iso will list the directory structure so you can check for files a live cd / bootable cd should have.

isoinfo -d -i is_it_bootable.iso will tell you if the CD has an El Torito section. Ubuntu's live CD iso reports:

Eltorito validation header:

Hid 1
Arch 0 (x86)
ID ''
Key 55 AA
Eltorito defaultboot header:
    Bootid 88 (bootable)
    Boot media 0 (No Emulation Boot)
    Load segment 0
    Sys type 0
    Nsect 4

    Bootoff 8F 143

12.04 - System requirements for ubuntu

I am a new one so i would like to tell me which version of Ubuntu should i install.I prefer do the installation from the Windows.My laptop has an Intel(R) Core(TM) Duo processor 2.1GH , 4 GB RAM and i have windows 7.

You need a bit more info about your system. Check this link to find out your system details: http://www.wikihow.com/Find-out-Your-System-Information

Then go to this page to check out ubuntu minimum system requirements (look at ubuntu desktop): https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements

Most probably you have the needed requirements to run ubuntu 14.04.

Ubuntu doesn't recommend latest Nvidia drivers for installing CUDA 8

I want to install CUDA toolkit 8.0 on Ubuntu 16.04. My system has Nvidia GeForce 820M graphics card. CUDA 8 requires graphics drivers Nvidia-361 or higher.

System Settings > Software and Updates > Additional Drivers lists Nvidia-340 and Nouveau display driver to be the two options for drivers of graphics card. sudo ubuntu-drivers devices also recommends these two drivers, the following is the output:

== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.4/0000:08:00.0 ==
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
model    : GF117M [GeForce 610M/710M/810M/820M / GT 620M/625M/630M/720M] (GeForce 820M)
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001140sv00001028sd00000652bc03sc02i00

driver   : nvidia-340 - distro non-free recommended
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

I however removed all the Nvidia graphics drivers using apt-get purge nvidia*, after which I installed the nvidia-361 using apt-get install nvidia-361. Now nvidia-smi lists following:

+------------------------------------------------------+                       
| NVIDIA-SMI 361.42     Driver Version: 361.42         |                       
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |

| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce 820M        Off  | 0000:08:00.0     N/A |                  N/A |
| N/A   47C    P0    N/A /  N/A |    276MiB /  2047MiB |     N/A      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
|  GPU       PID  Type  Process name                               Usage      |
|=============================================================================|

|    0                  Not Supported                                         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

But the System Settings > Software and Updates > Additional Drivers still does not show Nvidia-361 to be the selected or recommended driver. Nouveau drivers are selected by default:

My concern now is that are nvidia-361 drivers compatible with my system and whether Ubuntu is using those or the Nouveau default drivers. Refer image below for Nvidia X Server Settings window:

gnome - Cannot install nvidia graphics driver 390 on Ubuntu 18.04

After facing issues with nvidia 396, I wanted to move back to nvidia 390 on Ubuntu 18.04.
I purged nvidia from the system, moving back to the default xorg driver.

I then added the repository ($ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa ), and tried to install 390 by

$ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-390

However, this is also installing nvidia 396 on my machine.
How can I install 390?

Thanks.

Solved.
What was happening was that another ppa was interfering and the download was taking place from that repo.

It was the System76 Pop repository. I removed it from Software and Updates.

After that, running

$ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-390

installs the 390 driver as expected.

The GNOME Software center shows few apps

so, now the GNOME software center shows few apps. All I did is install a few apps, mostly games like Five or more, Connect 4, apps like Evolution, that email client, then uninstalled them and now I have fewer apps than before available to install.
Killing gnome-software won't fix it. Seems nobody has reported this in this Q&A, so here it goes some proof.

How do I make it so it shows more apps like audio stuff?

(yes I'm spanish don't judge me please)
PD None of the answers here work. I've tried them and it still has only got 8 apps.

Afterwards I've got this tough dude in the lower corner of the screen:

Translated means:
"An error has occurred while checking for updates".
Now I did what it said here and it's worse. Thanks, reporters!
Anyway, I made sure that my system was up-to-date, it is. And so, the icon is still there.

Reinstalling won't help either, stuff is still the same after a purge reinstall.

10.10 - Decrease mouse sensitivity below the standard limit

I've got a USB mouse attached to my Ubuntu notebook. This mouse is (unfortunately) really sensitive, and so it sometimes gets hard to hit small icons with the mouse pointer. This is really a hardware issue, it's not a bug and it's not Ubuntu's/gnome's fault. Still, I would very much like to this issue through software (solving through hardware would imply buying a new mouse).

Back in Windows, if I set the sensitivity as really low it was comfortable enough. In Ubuntu, even the lowest sensitivity and acceleration available (in the System>Prerences>Mouse menu) is still frustrating. How can I decrease it below the default minimum?

I tried xset, but it seems xset only deals with acceleration and threshold, but not actual sensitivity.

I have a Razer DeathAdder mouse and like in your case, the sensitivity/acceleration are too high even if I put them at the lowest level in the mouse preferences. So to solve this problem, I used the xinput command.

First, you will need your mouse ProductName and ID:

xinput list
...
 Razer Razer DeathAdder                     id=8    [slave  pointer  (2)]
...

Then you set the constant deceleration level that suits your needs with this command:

xinput set-prop 8 "Device Accel Constant Deceleration" 3
# 8 = DEVICE_ID
# 3 = LEVEL (factor) Higher = Slower.

To make the config persistent (and make it system wide), you will need to edit your xorg.conf (/etc/X11/xorg.conf).

Section "InputClass"
   Identifier      "Razer"                    # Whatever you want.

   MatchProduct    "Razer Razer DeathAdder"   # Product name from xinput list.
   Option          "ConstantDeceleration" "3" # The same value as xinput.
EndSection

Once you reboot, you should have the same result as the xinput command.

Let me know if it helps.

apt - W: There is no public key available for the following key IDs: 1397BC53640DB551

I think my topic is my question.

when i use sudo apt-get update in my Ubuntu(15.10).

I get the below warning i am not good in Ubuntu can some one explain and give me a soution.

Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/main Sources                   

Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/restricted Sources             
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/universe Sources               
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/multiverse Sources             
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/main amd64 Packages            
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/restricted amd64 Packages      
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/universe amd64 Packages        
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/multiverse amd64 Packages      
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/main i386 Packages             
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/restricted i386 Packages       
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/universe i386 Packages         

Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/multiverse i386 Packages       
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/main Translation-en            
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/multiverse Translation-en      
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/restricted Translation-en      
Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com wily-backports/universe Translation-en        
Fetched 1,015 kB in 29s (34.7 kB/s)                                            
Reading package lists... Done
W: There is no public key available for the following key IDs:
1397BC53640DB551

11.10 - LiveCD does not work on my desktop

I've installed new version of Ubuntu on my laptop without any issue using the LiveCD.
But on my desktop, weird things happen:

• During the 1st try booting with the LiveCD on my desktop, my 2 year old child just hit the keyboard, and after several error messages the desktop loaded and I've been able to test Oneiric. But I wanted to redo a boot before installing Oneiric to avoid mistakes.




• So during the 2nd time I tried to boot with the LiveCD, I couldn't access to the point where I can choose to test or install.




• Before trying a 3rd time, I've "cleaned the system" from System Parameter > System. But after that I'm still not able to access to the point where I can choose to test or install. Now it stops all the time on a black screen.

I do not understand why several boot attempts with same CD have several results.

So I wonder if the state of my current installation can affect re-booting with my LiveCD ?

Oneiric is successfully installed on my desktop with my LiveCD.
My 1st thought was the good one.

In fact the problem was from GRUB that manage the way to start Ubuntu when several versions have been installed (from what I've understood).

So the problem have been solved by:

1. refreshing the configuration of Grub with this command sudo update-grub


2. then use the LiveCD to install Oneiric

Skype installation problem 12.04

After an sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get dist-upgrade, the following error appear:

Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading
state information... Done You might want to run 'apt-get -f install'
to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies:
skype-bin:i386 : Breaks: skype (< 4.1.0.20.0-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) but
4.1.0.20-0ubuntu0.11.10.2 is installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.

then I try sudo apt-get -f install and the following error appear:

Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading
state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The
following extra packages will be installed: skype The following
packages will be upgraded: skype 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to
remove and 0 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. Need to
get 0 B/15.3 kB of archives. After this operation, 4,096 B disk space
will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? dpkg: dependency
problems prevent configuration of skype: skype-bin:i386
(4.1.0.20.0-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) breaks skype (<<
4.1.0.20.0-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) and is installed. Version of skype to be configured is 4.1.0.20-0ubuntu0.11.10.2. dpkg: error processing
skype (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No
apport report written because the error message indicates its a
followup error from a previous failure.
Errors were encountered while processing: skype E: Sub-process
/usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

How can I update my skype and sort out this problem?

I'm on Ubuntu 12.04 64bit and the following is showed in the graphical update manager.

Changes for the versions: Installed version: 4.1.0.20-0ubuntu0.11.10.2
Available version: 4.1.0.20.0-0ubuntu0.12.04.1

Hi there has been several updates to skype in span of a day, try to do a --purge remove skype and reinstall. you can also install skype-bin if this doesn't work. It will give you latest skype.

I forgot my sudo password and I need to change it with the terminal

I have got a computer running Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu and I can't change it via grub.

command line - Ubuntu Server 12.04 + Wifi - WPA supplicant issues

I've been trying (and failing) all weekend to get my homeserver connected via Wifi (I know it should be cabled, but a house move is imminent ;-). The setup is as follows:

• HP N40L Microserver


• Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS 64bit


• Edimax EW-7612UAN V2 - USB Wifi adaptor


• Tenda N150 Wifi Router - run 1 SSID as b/g/n mixed mode, channel 6, WPA2 Personal, AES

On a fresh install of Ubuntu, my output is as follows:

ifconfig

ifconfig wlan0 up  

root@srv:/home/srvadmin# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:9c:02:a9:27:b9
          inet addr:192.168.0.106  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::29c:2ff:fea9:27b9/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1226 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:534 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:124170 (124.1 KB)  TX bytes:78708 (78.7 KB)
          Interrupt:18

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:240 (240.0 B)  TX bytes:240 (240.0 B)

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 80:1f:02:4b:0e:9a
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lshw -C network

root@srv:/home/srvadmin# lshw -C network
  *-network
       description: Ethernet interface
       product: NetXtreme BCM5723 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe
       vendor: Broadcom Corporation

       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
       logical name: eth0
       version: 10
       serial: 00:9c:02:a9:27:b9
       size: 100Mbit/s
       capacity: 1Gbit/s
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation

       configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.121 duplex=full firmware=5723-v3.35 ip=192.168.0.106 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s
       resources: irq:42 memory:fe9f0000-fe9fffff
  *-network
       description: Wireless interface
       physical id: 1
       bus info: usb@1:5
       logical name: wlan0
       serial: 80:1f:02:4b:0e:9a
       capabilities: ethernet physical wireless
       configuration: broadcast=yes driver=rtl8192cu driverversion=3.2.0-29-generic firmware=N/A link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn

iwconfig

root@srv:/home/srvadmin# iwconfig wlan0
wlan0     IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:off/any
          Mode:Managed  Access Point: Not-Associated   Tx-Power=20 dBm
          Retry  long limit:7   RTS thr=2347 B   Fragment thr:off

          Encryption key:off
          Power Management:off

Steps:
1. wpa_passphrase MySSID MyKey > /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
2. wpa_supplicant -iwlan0 -Dwext -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

The output is as follows:

root@srv:/home/srvadmin# wpa_supplicant -iwlan0 -Dwext -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
Trying to associate with c8:3a:35:2c:63:28 (SSID='MySSID' freq=2437 MHz)
Associated with c8:3a:35:2c:63:28
Authentication with c8:3a:35:2c:63:28 timed out.
CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED bssid=00:00:00:00:00:00 reason=0
ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
Trying to associate with c8:3a:35:2c:63:28 (SSID='MySSID' freq=2437 MHz)

Authentication with c8:3a:35:2c:63:28 timed out.

If I try to force a DHCP request with wpa_supplicant -B -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -Dwext && dhclient wlan0, it just seems to hang and I can see DHCPDISCOVER requests in syslog.

I must be doing something silly to get stuck, when other posts make it look so simple (e.g. How do I connect to a WPA wifi network using the command line?).

Does anyone have any ideas on how to resolve this?

How can I remove this PPA?

I have just installed a personal package archive from NodeSource by running

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup | sudo bash -

I would like to know how to remove this. After looking at other answers, I tried without success:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:nodesource

Any suggestions?

14.04 - WiFi speed of other devices connected to router slows down when disconnecting Ubuntu laptop

1. I have a router, Laptop with Ubuntu (my laptop), Win10-laptop (brother's), iPhone. All devices are connecting to router's Wi-Fi.



2. The normal speed is 16-20 mbps!


3. When I was using Win 10 like my brother before, everything was good


4. Now I am using Ubuntu and when Ubuntu laptop is turned off or disconnected from Wi-Fi, the speed on other devices is cutted down from 16-20 mpbs to 0.8 mbps. When Ubuntu is turned on again or connected to Wi-Fi, the speed is backing up to normal (16-20 mbps). If you turn off win10-laptop, there is no problem with speed.

I've tried to use other router, but it was the same. What's the problem? WHY Ubuntu-laptop is impacting on router's wifi speed?

Update

Update 2:

1. Ubuntu's Wi-Fi is on




2. Ubuntu's Wi-Fi is off
   

Update 3 for David:

########## wireless info START ##########

Report from: 19 May 2016 14:38 SAMT +0400

Booted last: 19 May 2016 13:09 SAMT +0400

Script from: 27 Sep 2015 00:34 UTC +0000

##### release ###########################


Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS
Release:    14.04
Codename:   trusty

##### kernel ############################

Linux 3.13.0-86-generic #131-Ubuntu SMP Thu May 12 23:33:13 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux


Parameters: ro, quiet, splash, vt.handoff=7

##### desktop ###########################

Ubuntu

##### lspci #############################

03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Qualcomm Atheros AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) [168c:002b] (rev 01)
    Subsystem: AzureWave AW-NE785 / AW-NE785H 802.11bgn Wireless Full or Half-size Mini PCIe Card [1a3b:1089]

    Kernel driver in use: ath9k

05:00.5 Ethernet controller [0200]: JMicron Technology Corp. JMC250 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller [197b:0250] (rev 03)
    Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device [1043:1905]
    Kernel driver in use: jme

##### lsusb #############################

Bus 002 Device 003: ID 25a7:2433  
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub

Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 13d3:5130 IMC Networks Integrated Webcam
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

##### PCMCIA card info ##################

##### rfkill ############################

0: asus-wwan: Wireless WAN

    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
1: asus-wimax: WiMAX
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
2: phy0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no

##### lsmod #############################


ath9k                 164164  0 
ath9k_common           13551  1 ath9k
ath9k_hw              453856  2 ath9k_common,ath9k
ath                    28698  3 ath9k_common,ath9k,ath9k_hw
mac80211              638915  1 ath9k
cfg80211              496328  3 ath,ath9k,mac80211

##### interfaces ########################


auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

##### ifconfig ##########################

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr   
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 

          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
          Interrupt:50 

wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr   
          inet addr:192.168.0.65  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:248779 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:156344 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 

          RX bytes:346924202 (346.9 MB)  TX bytes:14768748 (14.7 MB)

##### iwconfig ##########################

eth0      no wireless extensions.

lo        no wireless extensions.

wlan0     IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:"UM-225"  
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.472 GHz  Access Point:    

          Bit Rate=58.5 Mb/s   Tx-Power=20 dBm   
          Retry  long limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=70/70  Signal level=-40 dBm  
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:57   Missed beacon:0

##### route #############################

Kernel IP routing table

Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.0.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 wlan0
192.168.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     9      0        0 wlan0

##### resolv.conf #######################

nameserver 127.0.1.1
search Dlink

##### network managers ##################


Installed:

    NetworkManager

Running:

root       825     1  0 13:09 ?        00:00:03 NetworkManager

##### NetworkManager info ###############


NetworkManager Tool

State: connected (global)

- Device: eth0 -----------------------------------------------------------------
  Type:              Wired
  Driver:            jme
  State:             unavailable
  Default:           no

  HW Address:        

  Capabilities:
    Carrier Detect:  yes

  Wired Properties
    Carrier:         off

- Device: wlan0  [UM-225 1] ----------------------------------------------------
  Type:              802.11 WiFi

  Driver:            ath9k
  State:             connected
  Default:           yes
  HW Address:        

  Capabilities:
    Speed:           58 Mb/s

  Wireless Properties
    WEP Encryption:  yes

    WPA Encryption:  yes
    WPA2 Encryption: yes

  Wireless Access Points (* = current AP)
    Explay:          Infra, , Freq 2457 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 54 WPA
    ASUS:            Infra, , Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 62 WPA2
    325:             Infra, , Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 49 WPA WPA2
    wtrende:         Infra, , Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 49 WPA WPA2
    Ultramarin_230:  Infra, , Freq 2472 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 39 WPA2
    Genius:          Infra, , Freq 2417 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 45 WPA2

    TP-LINK_327:     Infra, , Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 39 WPA WPA2
    TP-LINK222:      Infra, , Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 62 WPA WPA2
    nastya:          Infra, , Freq 2472 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 75 WPA2
    DIR-429:         Infra, , Freq 2472 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 29 WPA2
    TTK:             Infra, , Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 29 WPA WPA2
    TAM HET I/IHTEPHETA: Infra, , Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 39 WPA WPA2
    115:             Infra, , Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 42 WPA WPA2
    TTK-427:         Infra, , Freq 2457 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 42 WPA WPA2
    TTK-211:         Infra, , Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 25 WPA WPA2
    ustu:            Infra, , Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 32 WPA WPA2 Enterprise

    TTK-423:         Infra, , Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 47 WPA WPA2
    TP-LINK-525:     Infra, , Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 22 WPA WPA2
    ustu_open:       Infra, , Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 37
    Vlaf777:         Infra, , Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 27 WPA2
    Phenomen:        Infra, , Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 52 WPA2
    Suck my dick per wi-fi: Infra, , Freq 2452 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 15 WPA2
    TTK-207:         Infra, , Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 32 WPA2
    RTRouter-036281: Infra, , Freq 2417 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 34 WPA2
    RTRouter-014050: Infra, , Freq 2457 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 24 WPA2
    *UM-225:         Infra, , Freq 2472 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 79 WPA2

    Angry_Kot:       Infra, , Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 30 WPA WPA2
    Rostelecom231:   Infra, , Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 19 WPA WPA2
    ryxxx:           Infra, , Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 14 WPA2

  IPv4 Settings:
    Address:         192.168.0.65
    Prefix:          24 (255.255.255.0)
    Gateway:         192.168.0.1

    DNS:             192.168.0.1


##### NetworkManager.state ##############

[main]
NetworkingEnabled=true
WirelessEnabled=true
WWANEnabled=true
WimaxEnabled=true

##### NetworkManager.conf ###############


[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile,ofono
dns=dnsmasq

no-auto-default=,

[ifupdown]
managed=false


##### NetworkManager profiles ###########

[[/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/UM-225 1]] (600 root)
[connection] id=UM-225 1 | type=802-11-wireless
[802-11-wireless] ssid=UM-225 | mac-address=
[ipv4] method=auto
[ipv6] method=ignore

[[/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/TSARYOV]] (600 root)
[connection] id=TSARYOV | type=802-11-wireless

[802-11-wireless] ssid=TSARYOV | mac-address=
[ipv4] method=auto
[ipv6] method=auto

[[/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Beeline_WiFi_FREE]] (600 root)
[connection] id=Beeline_WiFi_FREE | type=802-11-wireless
[802-11-wireless] ssid=Beeline_WiFi_FREE | mac-address=
[ipv6] method=auto
[ipv4] method=auto


[[/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Rostelecom231]] (600 root)
[connection] id=Rostelecom231 | type=802-11-wireless
[802-11-wireless] ssid=Rostelecom231 | mac-address=
[ipv4] method=auto
[ipv6] method=auto

[[/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/DIR-429]] (600 root)
[connection] id=DIR-429 | type=802-11-wireless
[802-11-wireless] ssid=DIR-429 | mac-address=
[ipv4] method=auto

[ipv6] method=auto

[[/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/UM-225]] (600 root)
[connection] id=UM-225 | type=802-11-wireless
[802-11-wireless] ssid=UM-225 | mac-address=
[ipv4] method=auto
[ipv6] method=auto

[[/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ustu_open]] (600 root)
[connection] id=ustu_open | type=802-11-wireless

[802-11-wireless] ssid=ustu_open | mac-address=
[ipv6] method=auto
[ipv4] method=auto

[[/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/DIR-300]] (600 root)
[connection] id=DIR-300 | type=802-11-wireless
[802-11-wireless] ssid=DIR-300 | mac-address=
[ipv4] method=auto
[ipv6] method=auto


##### iw reg get ########################

Region: Europe/Samara (based on set time zone)

country 00:
    (2402 - 2472 @ 40), (3, 20)
    (2457 - 2482 @ 40), (3, 20), PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
    (2474 - 2494 @ 20), (3, 20), NO-OFDM, PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
    (5170 - 5250 @ 40), (3, 20), PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS
    (5735 - 5835 @ 40), (3, 20), PASSIVE-SCAN, NO-IBSS


##### iwlist channels ###################

eth0      no frequency information.

lo        no frequency information.

wlan0     13 channels in total; available frequencies :
          Channel 01 : 2.412 GHz
          Channel 02 : 2.417 GHz

          Channel 03 : 2.422 GHz
          Channel 04 : 2.427 GHz
          Channel 05 : 2.432 GHz
          Channel 06 : 2.437 GHz
          Channel 07 : 2.442 GHz
          Channel 08 : 2.447 GHz
          Channel 09 : 2.452 GHz
          Channel 10 : 2.457 GHz
          Channel 11 : 2.462 GHz
          Channel 12 : 2.467 GHz

          Channel 13 : 2.472 GHz
          Current Frequency:2.472 GHz (Channel 13)

##### iwlist scan #######################

eth0      Interface doesn't support scanning.

lo        Interface doesn't support scanning.

Channel occupancy:


      4   APs on   Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
      3   APs on   Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6)
      2   APs on   Frequency:2.457 GHz (Channel 10)
      2   APs on   Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11)
      4   APs on   Frequency:2.472 GHz (Channel 13)

wlan0     Scan completed :
          Cell 01 - Address: 
                    Channel:13

                    Frequency:2.472 GHz (Channel 13)
                    Quality=68/70  Signal level=-42 dBm  
                    Encryption key:on
                    ESSID:"UM-225"
                    Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s
                              9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s
                    Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s
                    Mode:Master
                    Extra:tsf=0000000d16efc86f
                    Extra: Last beacon: 48ms ago

                    IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
                        Group Cipher : CCMP
                        Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
                        Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
          Cell 02 - Address: 

Update:
Router is DLink DIR-300

SOLUTION
Well, the problem, apparently, is to configure the wireless mode. It was installed B/G/N mixed. If you set the G mode, the problem does not occur.

B/G/N mixed - the speed is normal, but the problem remains.

B - the speed is always low.

G - the speed is always normal, there is no problem with Ubuntu.

N - the speed is normal, but the problem remains.

Just so that we are clear on this, some points:

1. The Ubuntu laptop was previously running Windows


2. The speed of the network goes up when you have Ubuntu in the mix. Take out the Ubuntu laptop and the speed goes down.

What I would check:

1. The model of the router (update your question please).


2. Whether there exists any address reservation. I have seen that in some routers, if there is a reservation for a card that advertises as, say, 11g, that is the maximum for all other devices (a.k.a mixed mode). In this case, what might be happening (just a guess) is that the router has knowledge of MAC x.x.x.x.x.x at 11g, but when it actually comes online, it reports as n, so the router raises the speed because now all active devices are at n speed. When it goes offline, the router falls back to its saved values.


3. Look for a setting on the router that forces it to the maximum possible speed (G/N/whatever) and see if that helps.


4. If nothing else works, then have you tried reconfiguring the router?

Again, it might be helpful if you posted the model of the router.

partitioning - Flash drive problem on USB 3.0 port

I bought USB 3.0 flash drive Kingston DT R3.0 (http://usb.userbenchmark.com/Kingston-DataTraveler-R30-USB-30-16GB/Rating/1435&tab=Review), but when I connected the drive to USB 3 port on my laptop i doesn't work properly. Drive is FAT32.

• Ubuntu mounts the drive on USB 3.0 port, but when I try to copy something, copy operation freezes and drive disappears.


• If I connect the drive to USB 2.0 port, everything works just fine.


• If I format drive to NTFS/Ext4 (basically anything else then FAT32) the drive works with USB3.0 and USB2.0 port as well.

I need to use FAT32, because I use the drive on multiple machines (Ubuntu, Windows, SmartTV, my car radio,...)

Any ideas why my Ubuntu 13.10 doesn't read FAT32 on USB 3.0 port from this Flash drive...???

It is most likely a firmware or driver issue. If it is working over USB 2.0, then at least you can still copy files. To help diagnose the problem, have you tried the drive in Windows over USB 3.0? If it fails there, then it is most likely:

1. The drive


2. The USB 3.0 port



3. The USB 3.0 controller

installation - Upgrading to Ubuntu 11.04 failed

Today Ubuntu asked me to upgrade to 11.04. The installation went completely fine until right at the end when the following packages failed:

install-info
ubuntu-standard

The installer hung so I had to shut it down manually. Ubuntu still works fine but it says that the upgrade didn't work properly so I am hesitant to restart it until I have resolved the problem in case I can't get back in.

I am running Ubuntu inside the latest version of Virtual Box and was previously running version 10.10.

I have tried installing install-info manually with apt-get but I get the following error:

Unhandled exception: [#]
/usr/local/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/ZenTest-4.5.0/lib/autotest.rb:842:in `block in ': undefined method `backtrace' for [#]:Array (NoMethodError)
    from /usr/local/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/ZenTest-4.5.0/lib/autotest.rb:828:in `[]'
    from /usr/local/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/ZenTest-4.5.0/lib/autotest.rb:828:in `block in hook'
    from /usr/local/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/ZenTest-4.5.0/lib/autotest.rb:828:in `each'
    from /usr/local/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/ZenTest-4.5.0/lib/autotest.rb:828:in `any?'
    from /usr/local/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/ZenTest-4.5.0/lib/autotest.rb:828:in `hook'
    from /usr/local/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/ZenTest-4.5.0/lib/autotest.rb:344:in `rescue in run'
    from /usr/local/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/ZenTest-4.5.0/lib/autotest.rb:320:in `run'
    from /usr/local/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/ZenTest-4.5.0/lib/autotest.rb:241:in `run'
    from /usr/local/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/ZenTest-4.5.0/bin/autotest:6:in `'
    from /usr/local/ruby/bin/autotest:19:in `load'
    from /usr/local/ruby/bin/autotest:19:in `
'
dpkg: error processing install-info (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of info:
 info depends on install-info; however:
  Package install-info is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing info (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of ubuntu-standard:
 ubuntu-standard depends on info; however:
  Package info is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing ubuntu-standard (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates it's a follow-up error from a previous failure.
                            No apport report written because the error message indicates it's a follow-up error from a previous failure.
                                                        Errors were encountered while processing:
 install-info
 info
 ubuntu-standard
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

Any ideas on what I should try next?

Okay I figured out the problem. In my /etc/environment file I had a line for RSPEC beneath the PATH variable. Deleting this solved the problem.

partitioning - How to copy a bootable NTFS partition from one physical hard drive to another with Ubuntu?

I have a USB flash drive with Ubuntu 11.10 installed that I would like to use for the following task:

I have a hard drive with 4 partitions. The second one is formatted with NTFS and contains a fully functional Windows installation. I would like to copy that second partition to another physical hard drive (which is empty).

There's a catch however - I cannot have both hard drives physically connected to the computer at the same time. I have a third external hard drive however that will remain connected throughout the entire operation and has more than double the space of both of the other hard drives.

I realize there are a lot of things to consider here:

• The process will obviously involve making some sort of "image" of the second partition, storing it on the external drive, and then copying the image to the new drive.




• The partition that I am copying is bootable and should also be bootable when copied to the new drive. I can probably fix the MBR on the partition afterward if need be.




• The old and new drives are not identical in make, model, or size. However, there is ample room for the second partition on the new drive.

Any advice on how to proceed or warnings for possible pitfalls would be greatly appreciated. Also, if I missed an important detail, please don't hesitate to ask for it.

_{(No extra software required, use the tools you have)}

---

dd if=/dev/sda2 of=foo_file.img will create an exact replica of sda to a .img file that you specify.

Save it to an external device and restore it with dd if=foo_file.img of=/dev/sday.

Step by step

1. Boot from the Ubuntu LiveCD and open the disk management tool (or use sudo fdisk -l from the terminal) to find out which disk you will be copying.




2. Mount the external device you will save the .img file to, do not mount the disk you want to make the image from!




3. Use dd if=/dev/sda2 of=foo_file.img, replace /dev/sda2 with the actual partition you want to copy and foo_image.img with a file located on the external disk you previously mounted.




4. Reboot your PC removing the disk you made the image from and install the new disk in your PC. Boot the computer with the Ubuntu LiveCD.




5. Mount the external disk that contains the .img file and open the disk tool to make sure about the device where we are going to write it to. (Probably will be using the same device path as the one you just removed). Don't even try to mount the new disk, there should be nothing to mount anyways!




6. Use dd if=foo_file.img of=/dev/sdax to write the image you created and stored on to the external device to the new disk you just installed. Change sdax for the correct partition.




7. Run gparted and resize your newly created partitions to accommodate the extra space in your new disk.




8. Reboot and boot using your new disk.

After this is done you can keep the .img file as a backup till you make sure that everything is running.

I have used this method oh so many times now and not an issue, but you never know. Keep a backup around for some time.

software recommendation - How to edit ISO Images (Including Bootable ISOs)

I am looking for tools for Ubuntu that can be used to EDIT ISO Images. Including ISO images that are bootable like Ubuntu and Windows ISOs. Not only edit but save the edited ISO and can still boot when burned on an USB Drive or CD/DVD.

I have used ISO Master to add files to ISOs before. It is suitable for what you require because it retains the state of whether or not the ISO is bootable. I have used it in the past to add other content (like music) to a live disk. Note, however, that after making changes to an ISO file, you can only "Save As", i.e. another ISO file will be created, so make sure you have enough disk space for both.

wireless - Wicd does not like to reconnect upon resuming in the same or different location

Ubuntu 13.10 - Samsung Series 9 - Wireless connection only

Issue: Wicd does not automatically re-connect after the laptop is suspended. This happens when the laptop is turned back on in the same room, or when I get back home and open it up. I have the "automatically connect to this network" on all of my preferred networks in each location. Additionally, when I resume in another location, the wireless network list does not refresh.

I have network manager and all of its parts uninstalled. Wicd is the only wireless connection software that I am running.

I have looked all over Ask Ubuntu, but none of the solutions (installing, purging, pillaging) have not solved this.

system installation - GPT partition table warning message during install of ubuntu

/dev/sda contains GPT signatures indicating that it has a GPT table. However, it has a fake msdos partition table as it should. Perhaps it was corrupted? Is this a GPT partition table?

So, that's the error message and this is during my first OS install of Ubuntu.

Can close the message box. Can't click yes and can't click no.
What do I do?

I've seen a similar problem on my disk when I had a leftover partition from my windows 7 system. Went back to windows 7, and took all the partitions off using disk manager.

Also, make sure the disk is not "dynamic" in disk manager.

After that, I was able to do a clean install of ubuntu 12.1o :)

In case you don't have a system running windows 7, you can boot with a windows 7 dvd and run setup. Choose "advanced" when you get to choosing partition for the installation, and erase all partitions there.

Ubuntu 16.10 Login Loop problem

I am not able to login in Ubuntu 16.10. Every time I logged in its redirect to same login screen. If I am clicking on guest account its not showing me my desktop.
I tried:

1. ubuntu 14.04 login loop problem


2. Can't login to Ubuntu 14.04


3. https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/lightdm/+question/197479


4. https://itsfoss.com/failed-to-start-session-ubuntu-14-04/

Tried installing gnome desktop, tried creating new account still nothing is working. right now its showing me failed to start session even though Ubuntu desktop is already installed.

I have added 2 variables in /etc/environment file. I have removed those variables from tty1. Still its not working.

package management - Offline installing libxml2-dev in Ubuntu 15.04

Hi I'm kinda new to Ubuntu and have a problem. I don't have any internet on my pc and wanto install the libxml2-dev package to my system. I've gotten hold of a .deb file which I can open with the Software Centre buuuut, when I do that I get an error: Dependency is not satisfiable: libicu-dev.
Here is the complete name of the .deb file I downloaded from LaunchPad site.
libxml2-dev_2.9.2+dfsg_1-3_amd64.deb
So can anyone help me install this package via .deb file format please.

Go to a system with Internet access and download libicu-dev
via

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/i/icu/libicu-dev_52.1-8ubuntu0.2_amd64.deb

and install with

sudo dpkg -i libicu-dev_52.1-8ubuntu0.2_amd64.deb

Then install the libxml2-dev package again

sudo dpkg -i libxml2-dev_2.9.2+dfsg1-3_amd64.deb

---

However, it may be that you still need more packages. Unfortunately I can not say that because I do not know what you have already installed. But I think the way forward is clear. ;)

All packages are available here. Search the packages for Vivid (vivid and/or vivid-updates) and download the 64-bit versions. Use an USB stick and use this stick in your desktop system.

12.04 - switching between graphics cards and on board graphics in ubuntu

Possible Duplicate:
Ubuntu 12.10 AMD/Intel Hybrid Graphics not working

Hi I am running ubuntu 12.04 on dell inspiron 14z laptop which has got ATI graphics cards and also intel on board graphics card. By default it uses ATI, which consumes more power and heats up a lot. Is that possible between ATI and on board depending upon our requirement, so that I can save my battery and avoid laptop on heating up?

grub2 - How do I boot into recovery mode?

I recently tried booting into the Grub2's menu entry "Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.2.0-24-generic-pae (Recovery Mode) just to see what was there. It booted successfully, but I had no idea what to do after I was there. My question is where can I find some documentation on the recovery mode and what to do if I truly needed to be there. I'm running Ubuntu 12.04.

The recovery mode is normally used when you need an exclusive admin access to your system. You normally go into the root shell and recover/repair the system through the command line.

1. Switch on your computer.


2. Wait until the BIOS has finished loading, or has almost finished. (During this time you will probably see a logo of your computer manufacturer.)


3. Quickly press and hold the Shift key (or Escape key on some computers), which will bring up the GNU GRUB menu. (If you see the Ubuntu logo, you've missed the point where you can enter the GRUB menu.) **



4. Select the line which starts with "Advanced options". *




5. Select the line ending with "(recovery mode)", probably the second line, something like:

   
   

   
   

   Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.8.0-26-generic (recovery mode)

   
   




6. Press Return and your machine will begin the boot process.




7. After a few moments, your workstation should display a menu with a number of options. One of the options (you may need to scroll down to the bottom of the list) will be "Drop to root shell prompt". Press Return with this option highlighted.




8. The root partition is mounted read-only. To mount it read/write, enter the command

   
   

   mount -o remount,rw /
   




9. If you have /home, /boot, /tmp, or any other mount point on a separate partition, you can mount them with the command

   
   

   mount --all
   

   
   

   (This must be done following step 8 so that /etc/mtab is writable.) Alternatively, you could try to select "Enable networking" in step 7, though this has been found to cause the system to hang.

* If you have Ubuntu Quantal (12.10) or earlier, omit step 4 (the recovery mode menu items are displayed on the top-level menu).

** If you reboot, there is no need to hold the Shift key in step 3. The GNU GRUB menu will continue to be displayed automatically on each boot until a normal startup of Ubuntu completes. To configure GRUB so the menu is always displayed, even after a normal startup, see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Setup.

Source: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RecoveryMode

11.10 - Is it possible to install older catalyst versions through jockey?

Is it possible to install older catalyst versions through jockey?

There is a 100% CPU bug for OpenCL applications in ALL catalyst versions post 11.4.

I tried installing from ATI website using --build-pkg, but something isnt working, i dont know if its kernel 3 causing issues or what.

Guess im asking if anyone has rebuilt for 11.10, or just if there is a repo i can use to test myself?

Ubuntu 16.04 stuck in boot process

So the problem started when my steam client was updating, then i went to the market and when i came back there was this big screen full of text and it was stuck and i couldnt switch to any other tty, so i shutdown the laptop manually and whenever i boot it first grub comes up then i see a bunch of text starting with [ok] then it stops at

[ OK ]  Mounting arbitrary file formats

Note that the last line differs each time i boot up. And after this text it transfers to tty1 and there is the ubuntu logo with five dots ( the usual boot process) and it gets stuck here... All the other tty s are blank.

Edit 1: k after many many times of booting i have noticed smthing strange, now i can only switch to tty2 + tty6 and when i double switch it goes back to graphical view. And in tty 2 + 6 it says

Welcome to emergency mode! After logging in, type "journalctlb -xb" to view system logs, "systemctl reboot" to reboot, "systemctl default" or ^D to try again to boot into default mode. <

Ok, atlast i fixed it, i went into recovery mode and selected root shell, first i ran e2fsck -p /dev/sda1 which gave an error thqt said I should fsck manually without -p or -a flags and i did. It worked. And everything is fine now, but i rlly dont understand how a steam upd can mess up my filesystem...

11.04 - 404 can not update natty multiverse

It first happend about a week ago that I received this error message the first time. It shows up daily.

W:Failed to fetch
http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/natty/multiverse/source/Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 141.30.13.30 80] , E:Some index files failed to
download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

I can do updates from other ppa as usual. I noticed that problem in relation to special ppa defined by the user, but I can't imagine that natty's multiverse could be down for days.
Is there something I can check on my system to solve this?

You could try changing the server that you attempt to connect to for Multiverse (and other) updates.

Open Synaptic Package Manager and click on Settings > Repositories, then in the dropdown selection that is labeled "Download From:" choose Other. Click the "Select Best Server" button, and after it has run some speed tests and chosen one for you, click "OK" or "Choose Server."

Update your package lists -- either click Reload in Synaptic, or in terminal type

sudo apt-get update

Hopefully this will allow you to grab new Multiverse updates!

compatibility - Upgrade from 14.04 to 16.04

I am planning to upgrade to 16.04 from 14.04 as soon as a stable version is released. How can I check easily that whether all my current apps will be compatible and supported on the new LTS version instead of visiting each apps' website and finding out?

Install a virtual machine manager, such as VMPlayer or VirtualBox, load Ubuntu 16.04 into that, and within the virtual machine test all of your applications.

grub2 - Are all three grub entries after running Boot-Repair needed?

After running Boot-Repair to fix things when dual booting windows 8 and Ubuntu 12.04.3, multiple entries are left in the grub menu. Three come from

menuentry "Windows UEFI bkpbootmgfw.efi" {
search --fs-uuid --no-floppy --set=root 4659-4959

chainloader (${root})/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bkpbootmgfw.efi
}

menuentry "Windows Boot UEFI loader" --users "" {
search --fs-uuid --no-floppy --set=root 4659-4959
chainloader (${root})/EFI/Boot/bkpbootx64.efi
}

menuentry "EFI/Lenovo/Boot/bootmgfw.efi" {
search --fs-uuid --no-floppy --set=root 4659-4959

chainloader (${root})/EFI/Lenovo/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
}

The second is recommended in the Boot-Repair documentation as the one to use
to boot Windows 8, but equally it seems the first option does the job fine too, and the last give access to settings. Do I really need all these, or can I simply comment them out in 25_custom?

Similarly, given that the original boot entry for windows in 30_os-prober is defunct, can I just comment it out?

What is the difference between each of these efi boot loaders anyway?

Upgrade 16.04.2 LTS to kernel version 4.8?

I am on Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-62-generic i686) and when I do:

aptitude update
aptitude safe-upgrade

no upgrades are offered. aptitude search linux-headers-4.8 offers several 4.8 kernels:

p   linux-headers-4.8.0-28                                                        - Header files related to Linux kernel version 4.8.0
p   linux-headers-4.8.0-28-generic                                                - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p   linux-headers-4.8.0-28-lowlatency                                             - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p   linux-headers-4.8.0-30                                                        - Header files related to Linux kernel version 4.8.0

p   linux-headers-4.8.0-30-generic                                                - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p   linux-headers-4.8.0-30-lowlatency                                             - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p   linux-headers-4.8.0-32                                                        - Header files related to Linux kernel version 4.8.0
p   linux-headers-4.8.0-32-generic                                                - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p   linux-headers-4.8.0-32-lowlatency                                             - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p   linux-headers-4.8.0-34                                                        - Header files related to Linux kernel version 4.8.0
p   linux-headers-4.8.0-34-generic                                                - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p   linux-headers-4.8.0-34-lowlatency                                             - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
p   linux-headers-4.8.0-36                                                        - Header files related to Linux kernel version 4.8.0
p   linux-headers-4.8.0-36-generic                                                - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP

p   linux-headers-4.8.0-36-lowlatency                                             - Linux kernel headers for version 4.8.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP

In the German Wikipedia under ubuntu is written that the kernel 4.8 is available for 16.04.2 LTS since 17 February 2017:

The English Wikipedia and the Ubuntu release page is still on kernel version 4.4 for 16.04.2 LTS. The later one (Ubuntu release page) omits 16.04.2 LTS also and seems to be not up-to-date.

Is it a little bit too early or should I update the kernel by hand?

Ubuntu 16.04.2 installs a 4.8 kernel for new installations. For systems which are upgraded to 16.04.2 the current kernel series is maintained unchanged. If you have upgraded your system to 16.04.2 and want to have the new kernel and X server, then you must opt in by explicitly installing the hardware enablement stack:

sudo apt-get install --install-recommends xserver-xorg-hwe-16.04

This switches the kernel and X server to a rolling upgrade; see RollingLTSEnablementStack .

Also see Old kernel with Ubuntu 16.04.2 update, as user Pilot6 says.

usb drive - Getting an error on Live USB boot: "(initramfs) Unable to find a medium containing a live file system"

There are plenty of threads on this topic, I've tried every solution mentioned there:

1. Different version of Ubuntu (Kubuntu 13.10, Kubuntu 12.04, Ubuntu 12.04)


2. Using USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 ports


3. Different Live USB creation software (Linux Live USB Creator, unetbootin, Universal USB Installer, Kubuntu Startup Disk Creator)


4. Switching from IDE to ACHI


5. UEFI and legacy boot


6. Disabling secure boot.


7. Replacing "quiet splash" with "nomodeset" in GRUB


8. Plugging out hard disk


9. Using different USB drives (regular USB stick, external USB HDD)

But I still get the same error every time. No difference.

My PC is a brand new computer, all systems are functioning well (I tried to install Windows 8, it works just fine).

• Motherboard: GA-970A-DS3P


• CPU: AMD Phenom II X4 970


• Graphic adaptor: AMD Radeon HD 5770 (Vapor-X)

What to try next?
Please help me prove to my husband that Ubuntu can be installed everywhere, I am out of ideas.

12.04 - Partition not showing in dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc (grub2) menu

I am trying to install grub boot loader on a partition /dev/sda3 (ext3 formatted), but it is not showing as an option when I run dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc.

My details are:
I have a dual boot system set up with windows fully encrypted on sda1. It is encrypted using truecrypt, so truecrypt is required on the mbr of sda.

I will briefly outline the steps I have taken (NB- This is dangerous, backup your boot sector first, or even better your whole HDD):

• Encrypted windows on sda1 using truecrypt


• Ubuntu 12.04 installed on extended partition sda5 (within sda2) I need a logical partition to install grub, it will not work on extended) - so I shrunk sda5 by 20 MiB and then shrunk sda2 by the same


• This allowed me to create a new logical partition sda3. I formatted it as ext3 and gave it the boot flag


• I started up a live boot disk, mounted /dev/sda5 to /mnt, and installed grub using grub-install --force --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda3


• This allowed me to restart and boot into ubuntu normally, happy days.

At this point, after I boot into ubuntu normally, I usually run dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc. If I don't do this, any update to grub, or a new kernel, will overwrite the main mbr of sda. In ubuntu 10.04 this is fine, I go through the menu, and it usually gives me the option to install grub onto whatever partition I want, but now, when I run it, it only gives me two options: /dev/sda or /dev/sda5 (/dev/sda3 is missing).

Have I taken a step which stops /dev/sda3 showing up in this menu? Is there a way to fix this, or could you tell me how I can manually change the debconfig properties to get grub to install to /dev/sda3 by default.

--edit I think this is what I am looking for: http://feeding.cloud.geek.nz/2010/10/manipulating-debconf-settings-on.html

Thank you!

I used http://feeding.cloud.geek.nz/2010/10/manipulating-debconf-settings-on.html to manually set the dpkg (debconfig) flag. I had to use this command (nb. this is dangerous, dont use this as a copy paste solution)

echo "set grub-pc/install_devices /dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA_MK1646GSX_481JF04DS-part3" | debconf-communicate 

There is more detail in the link above which should help with most debconf issues.

Incase anyone else hits the problem there are more details here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1981034

ubuntu 12.04.5 to 14.04.5 do-release-upgrade No new release found

A number of my servers were upgraded from 12.04 to 14.04 early 2015 (Note this is Oct-2016) without issue.
Updated dozens of similar systems years ago and Generally, I've never had an issue with this.

I have one server that I'm trying to do now and it's giving me the "no new release found" error.

Just curious if I'm missing something or if there was a change over the past year or so in the update method. Do you have any thoughts?

Thanks,

-Ryan

sudo do-release-upgrade

Checking for a new Ubuntu release
No new release found

lsb_release -a

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS
Release:        12.04
Codename:       precise

/etc/apt/source.list:

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse

/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

# Default behavior for the release upgrader.
[DEFAULT]
# Default prompting behavior, valid options:
#
#  never  - Never check for a new release.
#  normal - Check to see if a new release is available.  If more than one new
#           release is found, the release upgrader will attempt to upgrade to
#           the release that immediately succeeds the currently-running
#           release.
#  lts    - Check to see if a new LTS release is available.  The upgrader
#           will attempt to upgrade to the first LTS release available after
#           the currently-running one.  Note that this option should not be
#           used if the currently-running release is not itself an LTS
#           release, since in that case the upgrader won't be able to
#           determine if a newer release is available.
Prompt=lts

Where do I need to change "Ubuntu" when naming my own custom distribution?

i am building my own distro (which i am almost done) but one thing left is the name of it. since i am not sure what to name it im leaving the "ubuntu" there

i know i will have to change the following files

• /etc/lsb-release


• /etc/issue

to my own name and version and code name. am i missing other files?

(on my site it shows it's an ubuntu version - i read the tm etc... but i want the name of my distro to be there)
thanks

Here's my two cents about this:

You can try to change the name of the distribution but be careful, if you change something wrong, you might encounter problems while installing or later when you will use it. But if your absolutely need to change it here's what you can try:

The two you provided are correct (you can also update /etc/issue.net just to be sure). The other thing you can do is this:

Open the ISO (ISO Master) file and go to the folder called .disk. In there is a file called info. The release name is there and can be changed. view this post.

This should change the name of your distribution.

If that does not work, you can change the following files:

NOTE: the location might change depending the version you are using and file might be not found as well

• /boot/grub/grub.cfg


• /etc/grub.d/00_header


• /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme


• /usr/share/yelp/ (all files & all sub folders)


• /var/run/motd


• /etc/motd


• /etc/update-motd.d/10-help-text


• /lib/init/rw/motd


• /etc/gdm/failsafeXinit


• /etc/samba/smb.conf


• /usr/share/gnome-about/gnome-version.xml


• /usr/share/pyshared/usbcreator/install.py


• /usr/bin/grub-mkrescue


• /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/config.h


• /usr/sbin/grub-install.real


• /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig


• /usr/sbin/grub-mknetdir


• /usr/sbin/grub-reboot


• /usr/sbin/grub-set-default

good luck!

12.04 - My desktop disappeared, how do I get it back?

I have Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. This morning when I logged into my Ubuntu, after login screen the complete desktop was empty, the only operation I could perform is right-click and open terminal.

What I've tried:

1. Ctrl+Alt+F1 unity --reset : didn't work


2. From terminal unity --reset : didn't work


3. And from login screen selecting Ubuntu 2D and that also didn't solve the problem.

My laptop is Toshiba SA-60 onboard ATI graphic card with 1 GB RAM.

Please tell me how to solve this problem. I don't want to reinstall Ubuntu as whenever I install a I/O error pops up, forget about that. I don't want to reinstall Ubuntu. Please help.

bash - How to invoke a text file as a list of commands

Problem: 245,000 plus files residing in multiple recup_dir folders (output from photo_rec run) needing to be moved to a centralized folder for further recovery operations. All files are *.jpg files.

I have a text file named newlist1.txt that I have formatted in the following 4 ways. And to change to each variety, a good find/replace editor is essential. these script files are in a folder /disks/Keep/new-s1-recov. I know, I could have used just . to indicate where to mv the files, but initially, the scripts were in another folder, and the period would not have sufficed.

1. echo !(recov1/recup_dir.1033/f340010.jpg)| xargs mv -t /disks/Keep/new-s1-recov




2. echo !recov1/recup_dir.1034/f3442050jpg| xargs mv -t /disks/Keep/new-s1-recov




3. echo recov1/recup_dir.1034/f344208.jpg| xargs mv -t /disks/Keep/new-s1-recov




4. ls recov1/recup_dir.1034/f344208.jpg| xargs mv -t /disks/Keep/new-s1-recov

the last two examples, 3 & 4, work correctly when executed from the command line.
None of the examples work when I type

sh newlist1.txt

or

bash newlist1.txt

The thing is, I have over 245000 files that need to be moved. Why don't I use the file manager and do groups of several hundred at a time? Because the file manager is possibly the worst piece of software in Ubuntu 16.04.3. So, the command line is the preferable way of accomplishing this task. If I spend several days figuring out how to get it done like this, I'll consider it time well spent. I have wasted more than that on the file manager, waiting for the screen to come out of its seeming daze and finally show that the movement of several files has finally been accomplished.

The formatting above was taken from other examples I found at various times. I tried to adapt my problem to someone else's solution.

So, the question is: How do I format the 245000 lines (using nano texteditor which has a find/replace without having to add some additional software to gedit) and get it into a file which can be invoked by whatever command so that Ubuntu doesn't give me "TOO MANY ARGUMENTS" and die. It will submit each line as a command, and when it's done, it will execute the next line and so on until it's finished.

14.04 - Resizing root partition

I am running a Win 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 dual boot and I'm trying to resizing my / as it's running out of space.

I've shrunk my other NTFS partition and freed 10GB of unallocated space, when I go to gparted it doesn't seem to let me to resize the ext4 partition using the unallocated space I freed up earlier. I don't have any other partition on the Ubuntu side other than the swap and the ext4, and the rest is my Windows's NTFS partitions.

Does anyone know how to work around this?

application development - Ubuntu Touch: How can I debug ubuntu touch apps on the device?

My app works well on desktop but I can't figure out why does it crash on my nexus 7.
How can I debug it while it runs on the device?

drivers - Ubuntu 16.04 Desktop not loading even after trying multiple solutions

Okay so I have followed some of what other people are having problems with, but nothing fixed my own problem, so I shall detail what happened, what I did to fix and where I am now, if you can help that would honestly be perfect.

So I have a new desktop for gaming, but it has the following specs:
CPU: Intel i7 Quad Core,

GPU: Nvidia GTX 980 Ti 6GB,
HDD: 2TB,
SSD: 500GB

Now the setup is dodgy, as I don't have my monitors just yet, so I am using my TV which is 4K/3D (which I think may be an issue).

It comes pre-installed with Windows 10 on the SSD. So I downloaded Ubuntu 16.04 onto a disk, put it in my computer and proceeded to install. It got through the install and then after the install it rebooted, the dual-boot works perfectly, and I loaded Ubuntu, got to the login screen, and I was still good. Then I logged in, this is where the problems came from, It came up with an error something to do with compiz, which I couldn't copy because ubuntu wasn't working, but I ignored it, to see if the desktop would show, which it did not. So I was able to right-click on the desktop and create a terminal and followed this topic:
Unity doesn't load, no Launcher, no Dash appears

From the topic above I installed compiz after connecting and ethernet connection and attempted to re-enable the plugin, (found here: Unity doesn't load, no Launcher, no Dash appears) which I then set, apparently after doing so the desktop was supposed to spring to life, unfortunately this did not happen, I took the advice to do a restart, I did, after doing this I could now not actually right click the desktop anymore, nor was I able to create a terminal session, at this point I was unable to switch to TTY, because it could not detect my GPU settings. So some help from IRC, I booted into recovery and clicked FailSafeX which I then reconfigured my graphics drivers, to no surprise it booted into an empty desktop again after doing all of that and still could not get control of my desktop, but this time I was able to switch to TTY mode this time, so I ran the following: DISPLAY=:0 ccsm & and this errored and would not work, I wasn't sure of the error exactly but it didn't load. I then tried following this:

Ubuntu 16.04 Unity No desktop just background wallpaper

But again this did not work or do anything so I was lost after this point and I then followed another topic which said to install gnome and so I installed gnome (which I planned to do anyway as I do not like unity very much), once this was all installed it asked me to set the desktop display manager or something which I set to gdmXX (extra characters or something after)? (gnome I presume) instead of lightdm, now upon rebooting it does nothing. I get caught in what I can only assume is a pre-login loop, where I can't login anymore...

So my final thoughts is I am quite surprised that ubuntu doesn't just "work" or at least have a fallback resolution that it could display, now I have had problems with games GUI's not working because of running games in 4K but I was able to fix this, with Ubuntu I can't even get in to change the settings to change this, ao again I am lost, so any help would be highly appreciated.

My final thoughts are it's something to do with:
Compiz, Nvidia, My 4K TV, and gnome (now anyway).

Thanks,

Danny

14.04 - How can I play a rmvb file in ubuntu trusty?

I have an video file in rmvb format, but vlc player and totem crashes when I try to play it. Is there any way to install realplayer on ubuntu, and if not, how is it possible to play this video on ubuntu?

p.s.: sorry, my english is poor.

installation - Installing ubuntu on a formatted NTFS drive

I am supposed to fix a laptop in which the hard disk was recently formatted. It contained Windows 7 before.
I am trying a fresh install of ubuntu 12.04 from a bootable USB, but haven't been able to go past the maintenance shell.

In the maintenance shell, I tried out the following:

root@ubuntu:~# ntfsfix -b -d /dev/sda
Failed to determine whether /dev/sda is mounted: No such file or directory
Mounting volume... NTFS signature is missing.
FAILED
Attempting to correct errors... NTFS signature is missing/
FAILED
Failed to startup volume: Invalid argument
NTFS signature is missing.

Trying the alternate boot sector
Unrecoverable error
Volume is corrupt. You should run chkdsk

The trouble may be that there aren't permissions to write on the ntfs partition. The partition might not be corrupt. When I check the filesystem, I get this:

root@ubuntu:~# fsck /dev/sda
fsck from util-linux 2.20.1
ext2fs_check_if_mount: Can't check if mounted due to missing mtab file while determining whether /dev/sda is mounted. Bad magic number in super-block 

The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem.

So, it must be an ntfs file system. that's why I tried ntfsfix but that didn't work.
The hard disk is not partitioned. When I run

fdisk -l

it shows /dev/sda (~500 GB) and /dev/sdb (boot recovery) .

I have been trying to run

badblocks -v /dev/sda 

But, suddenly the laptop just reboots and I don't even get to the maintenance shell stage.
I select "Install ubuntu" and it gets stuck at the wait screen forever.
Please help!

Can't access recovery mode by holding shift

I have Xubuntu 14.04 and I cannot access recovery mode via holding down the SHIFT key. I read almost everywhere that this is how you do it.

Does that work for Xubuntu as well or just Ubuntu?

The reason this is needed is because I somehow lost sudo on my user account and cant access any root commands.

I was able to access the recovery mode menu ONLY and finally after trying ESC. At no time and in no way did the SHIFT key work for me.